“…Many studies have used DNA microarrays to infer how organisms respond to different environments (Gracey and Cossins, 2003;Cossins et al, 2006;Gracey, 2007;Evans and Hofmann, 2012), such as temperature Yang et al, 2010;Long et al, 2012;Aguado-Urda et al, 2013;Logan and Buckley, 2015), osmolality (Posas et al, 2000;Evans and Somero, 2008;Melamed et al, 2008;Halbeisen andGerber, 2009), oxygen (Ton et al, 2003;Garnczarska, 2006;Swiderek et al, 2008;Otsuka et al, 2010;Gracey et al, 2011;Shinde et al, 2015) and pH (Leaphart et al, 2006;Serrano et al, 2006;Worden et al, 2009;Evans et al, 2013). Detection of genes with expression changes in response to environmental change helps to predict the fragility, resistance, and adaptability of an organism, tissue, or cell in the environment.…”