Genotoxicity of nitro musks in the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes in vitro and the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2

Kevekordes, Sebastian; Zaulig, Antonia; Dunkelberg, H

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03860-x

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, MX is known to react uniformly negative in various kinds of genotoxicity tests (Api et al 1995;Emig et al 1996;Kevekordes et al 1997), and liver tumors in mice are suggested not to be of relevance to humans (Lehman-McKeeman et al 1997a, KaÈ erlein andAngerer 2000). Nevertheless, MX is still regarded as a chemical of environmental relevance: (1) it is still used in a few perfumes as a ®xative for other fragrances, (2) it is supposed to be absorbed via the skin (Rimkus 1998;Hood et al 1996;Hawkins and Ford 1999), (3) it is known to be a lipophilic substance (log P OW 4), and as a consequence (4) it is known to bioconcentrate in freshwater ®sh after uptake via the surrounding water (Yamagishi et al 1981(Yamagishi et al , 1983Boleas et al 1996;Rimkus et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the musk xylene concentrations in plasma samples from the general population from 1992/1993 to 1998 and the relevance of dermal uptake

Käfferlein

Angerer

2001

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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A remarkable decrease in MX levels was found on comparing the values from 1992,1993 and 1998. In 1998 12% (five out of 41) of the samples analyzed yielded positive results for MX (median: <0.1 microg/l, range: <0.1-0.29 microg/l), while in 1993 MX was found in 92% (66 out of 72) of the samples (median: 0.24 microg/l, range: <0.1- 1.12 microg/l). The observed decrease is explained by the discontinued use of MX in detergents in Germany since 1993. As a consequence, no MX could be found in the investigated detergents in the present study. However, MX could be analyzed in at least one perfume and/or perfumed bodycare product of the exposed individuals. The concentrations were in the range between 8.8 and 28.8 mg/kg in the investigated products. Because other confounding factors, e.g. diet and occupational exposure, could be excluded, the results point to the possibility that MX can be taken up through the skin. However, the small number of investigated persons limits this assumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the musk xylene concentrations in plasma samples from the general population from 1992/1993 to 1998 and the relevance of dermal uptake

Käfferlein

Angerer

2001

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…The results obtained with and without metabolic activation (S9 fraction) indicate that the substance does not affect lymphocyte cultures at the selected concentrations. Similarly, Kevekordes et al (1997) tested the nitro musk compounds in MN tests with human lymphocytes ill vitro and the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. The nitro musk agents are used in some technical products as herbicide formulations and these agents revealed no genotoxicity in the MN test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Micronuclei and Sister Chromatide Exchanges in Sheep Lymphocyte Cultures by Herbicide Chloridazon

Piešová¹,

Šiviková²

1997

Acta Vet. Brno

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The effect of herbicide chioridazon was studied using induction of micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in vitro. Inductions o(these markers were measured in sheep peripheral lymphocytes with and without of metabolic activation (S-9 mix). Chloridazon affected both MN and SCE at all of the concentrations tested. Significant increases (P<0.05) were achieved at 7 x 1O'~M in both tests. Neither of the lower concentrations (7 x 10· 5 M and 7 x 10. 6 M) did affect the MN or SCE values.The herbicide was also tested in presence of an S 9 mix activating fraction. in which significant increases of SCE levels were determined for concentrations of 7 x 10'; M and 7 x 1O.~ M (P<0.05 and 0.01. respectively).No induction of the cell cycle delay or reduction of proliferation index (PI) were detected. Chloridazon has. as shown in our assays. a weak influence on induction of tested chromosomal changes. Sheep. peripheral lymphocytes, microlluclei, sister chromatid exchallges. chlorida:oll

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“…While various genotoxicity studies (Api and Gudi, Kevekordes et al) in Escherichia. coli PQ27 cells, human hepatoma, human lymphocytes cell lines and rats indicated that nitro musks were not genotoxic [18][19][20], it has been suggested that other in vivo processes might be occurring to promote tumorigenesis as shown by the report of Maekawa et al [21], which found that mice fed with food containing 0.075% or 0.15% MX had three times as many tumors compared to control mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Two Fragrances on the Gene Expression of Ckm and Ckmt2 and Total CK Activity in the Hearts of Wistar Rats

Adefolaju

Falana

Ajao

2016

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Some of the most commercially used compounds in fragrances have been associated with various adverse effects in various experimental in vivo and in vitro models and are still being used promiscuously in perfumes and as additives in other household products.Objectives: This study sought to determine the effects of exposing wistar rats to two locally made Nigerian perfumes on some cardiac performance enzyme and genes. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 18 animals were allocated into three groups (A, B and C) of six each. Groups B and C animals were exposed (by inhalation) to the first and second perfumes (designated F1 and F2) respectively for 77 days, while animals in group A were unexposed control. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the exposure period after which heart tissue was excised for creatine kinase enzyme assay and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded heart tissues were processed for RNA extraction and analyzed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction for the mRNA expression of creatine kinase genes Ckm and Ckmt2. Results:The results showed that animals in both exposure groups demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) increased expression of striated muscle associated creatine kinase and sarcomeric mitochondria Ck genes as well as the increased release of the cardiomyocyte enzyme CK in the hearts of Wistar rats. Conclusions:These results suggest that exposure to these two locally made fragrances contributes to cardiomyocyte stress.

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Genotoxicity of nitro musks in the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes in vitro and the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Trends in the musk xylene concentrations in plasma samples from the general population from 1992/1993 to 1998 and the relevance of dermal uptake

Trends in the musk xylene concentrations in plasma samples from the general population from 1992/1993 to 1998 and the relevance of dermal uptake

Induction of Micronuclei and Sister Chromatide Exchanges in Sheep Lymphocyte Cultures by Herbicide Chloridazon

Effects of Exposure to Two Fragrances on the Gene Expression of Ckm and Ckmt2 and Total CK Activity in the Hearts of Wistar Rats

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