Genotoxicity Study of Carbon Nanoforms using a Comet Assay

Panek, Agnieszka; Frączek-Szczypta, Aneta; Długoń, E.; Nocuń, Marek; Paluszkiewicz, C.; Błażewicz, M.

doi:10.12693/aphyspola.133.306

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The latest research results presented in this paper expand on the knowledge about the influence of carbon nanofibers on both cell viability and, most importantly, on genotoxicity and prove that not only surface functionalization but also carbonization of samples at higher temperatures, i.e., above 1000 °C (we observed it at 1500 °C) has positive effects on the cellular response. Therefore, if, on the one hand, the presence of oxygen functional groups (as confirmed in our earlier publication [ 64 ]) and, on the other hand, the increase in the degree of crystallinity of the samples do not induce genotoxic activity, there must be another factor related to carbon nanofibers carbonized at 750 °C and 1000 °C that produces this effect. Another factor that distinguishes the eCNF750 and eCNF1000 samples from the eCNF1500, eCNF1750 and eCNF2000 samples is the absence of nitrogen as a residue of nitrile groups present in the PAN precursor in the samples carbonized at the temperatures of 1500 °C, 1750 °C and 2000 °C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In the case of the tested samples, the increase in crystallinity did not affect genotoxicity or cell viability. Our previous studies also indicated that carbon nanofibers obtained at 1000 °C cause DNA damage (studies performed on normal human skin fibroblasts from the cell line CCL 110) compared with the controls [ 64 ]. The main reason was the lack of chemical functionalization of the surface and the high hydrophobicity of this type of material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Heat Treatment of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers on Biological Response

Markowski

Zambrzycki

Smółka

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of fragmentation of electrospun carbon nanofibers (eCNFs) obtained at different temperatures, i.e., at 750 °C, 1000 °C, 1500 °C, 1750 °C and 2000 °C on the cellular response in vitro. In order to assess the influence of nanofibers on biological response, it was necessary to conduct physicochemical, microstructural and structural studies such as SEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM and surface wettability of the obtained materials. During the in vitro study, all samples made contact with the human chondrocyte CHON-001 cell lines. The key study was to assess the genotoxicity of eCNFs using the comet test after 1 h or 24 h. Special attention was paid to the degree of crystallinity of the nanofibers, the dimensions of the degradation products and the presence of functional groups on their surface. A detailed analysis showed that the key determinant of the genotoxic effect is the surface chemistry. The presence of nitrogen-containing groups as a product of the decomposition of nitrile groups has an influence on the biological response, leading to mutations in the DNA. This effect was observed only for samples carbonized at lower temperatures, i.e., 750 °C and 1000 °C. These results are important with respect to selecting the temperature of thermal treatment of eCNFs dedicated for medical and environmental functions due to the minimization of the genotoxic effect of these materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Heat Treatment of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers on Biological Response

Markowski

Zambrzycki

Smółka

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Carbon nanofibers were subjected to oxidation treatment in concentrated nitric acid (V) at 65 • C for 1 h (Figure 1b). Then samples were cooled down in the solution to room temperature, washed and dried in a dryer [38]. The obtained membranes are shown in Figure 2a,c-f.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Nanocomposite Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy indicates the participation of carbon nanostructures in interactions with cells [33]. The increase in the I1723/I1732 intensity ratio seems to be related to the structure of nanofibers that interact with cells in a different way [38].…”

Section: Pcl Matrix Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible resorbable material, but its use is limited due to the fact that it is characterized by the lack of cell adhesion to its surface. Various chemical and physical methods are described in the literature, as well as modifications with various nanoparticles aimed at giving it such surface properties that would positively affect cell adhesion. Nanomaterials, in the form of membranes, were obtained by the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and functionalized nanotubes, MWCNTs-f) as well as electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs, and functionalized nanofibers, ESCNFs-f) into a PCL matrix. Their properties were compared with that of reference, unmodified PCL membrane. Human osteoblast-like cell line, U-2 OS (expressing green fluorescent protein, GFP) was seeded on the evaluated nanomaterial membranes at relatively low confluency and cultured in the standard cell culture conditions. The attachment and the growth of the cell populations on the polymer and nanocomposite samples were monitored throughout the first week of culture with fluorescence microscopy. Simultaneously, Raman microspectroscopy was also used to track the dependence of U-2 OS cell development on the type of nanomaterial, and it has proven to be the best method for the early detection of nanomaterial/cell interactions. The differentiation of interactions depending on the type of nanoadditive is indicated by the ν(COC) vibration range, which indicates the interaction with PCL membranes with carbon nanotubes, while it is irrelevant for PCL with carbon nanofibers, for which no changes are observed. The vibration range ω(CH2) indicates the interaction for PCL with carbon nanofibers with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the area ν(C=O) increases for PCL/MWCNTs and for PCL/MWCNTs-f, while it decreases for PCL/ESCNFs and for PCL/ESCNFs-f with seeded cells. The crystallinity of the membranes, which is determined by Raman microspectroscopy, allows for the assessment of polymer structure changes and their degradability caused by the secretion of cell products into the ECM and the differentiation of interactions depending on the carbon nanostructure. The obtained nanocomposite membranes are promising bioactive materials.

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“…Our earlier study has shown that this form of carbon also requires a specific treatment to remove toxic carbonaceous fractions that may appear in its structure and that can be responsible for its biological behavior [51]. To date, many works have been devoted to the biocompatibility of CNT and graphene, while much less works have been published on the biocompatibility of carbon nanofibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Biological Properties of Surface-Engineered Carbon Nanofibers

Smółka

Panek

Gubernat

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The aim of this work was to manufacture, using the electrospinning technique, polyacrylonitrile- (PAN-) based carbon nanofibers in the form of mats for biomedical applications. Carbon nanofibers obtained by carbonization of the PAN nanofibers to 1000°C (electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNF)) were additionally oxidized in air at 800°C under reduced pressure (electrospun carbon nanofibers oxidized under reduced pressure (ECNFV)). The oxidative treatment led to partial removal of a structurally less-ordered carbon phase from the near-surface region of the carbon nanofibers. Both types of carbon fibrous mats were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology, microstructure, and surface properties of both materials were analyzed. The oxidative treatment of carbon nanofibers significantly changed their surface morphology and physical properties (wettability, surface electrical resistance). Biological tests (genotoxicity, fibroblast, and human osteoblast-like MG63 cultures) were carried out in contact with both materials. Genotoxicity study conducted by means of comet assays revealed significant differences between both carbon nanofibers. Fibroblasts contacted with the as-received carbon nanofibers (ECNF) showed a significantly higher level of DNA damage compared to control and oxidized carbon nanofibers (ECNFV). The ECNFV nanofibers were not cytotoxic, whereas ECNF nanofibers contacted with both types of cells indicated a cytotoxic effect. The ECNFV introduced into cell culture did not affect the repair processes in the cells contacting them.

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Genotoxicity Study of Carbon Nanoforms using a Comet Assay

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of Heat Treatment of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers on Biological Response

Influence of Heat Treatment of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers on Biological Response

Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy

Structure and Biological Properties of Surface-Engineered Carbon Nanofibers

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