Genotyping and phenotyping of Fusarium graminearum isolates from Germany related to their mycotoxin biosynthesis

TRI12 based quantitative real-time PCR assays reveal the distribution of trichothecene genotypes of F. graminearum and F. culmorum isolates in Danish small grain cereals

“…This is in correspondence with other studies of the trichothecene genotype composition of the F. graminearum population originating from wheat in southern Russia (Yli-Mattila and Gagkaeva, 2010), Germany (de Kuppler et al, 2011;Talas et al, 2011), Poland (Stepien et al, 2008), Hungary (Szécsi et al, 2005), Luxemburg (Pasquali et al, 2010), Italy (Prodi et al, 2009), England (Jennings et al, 2004b) and Tunisia (Kammoun et al, 2010). Also in the Midwestern and Eastern part of USA (Gale et al, 2011;Gale et al, 2007;Schmale et al, 2011), as well as in Argentina (Reynoso et al, 2011) and southern Brazil (Astolfi et al, 2011), the majority of F. graminearum isolates are of the 15ADON type.…”

“…-60 107 29 0 0 2 0 66 13 12 15 0 0 122 0 1965-68 107 28 0 0 1 0 69 11 17 19 119 8 0 101 1977-80 213 118 0 0 0 0 39 49 Nd 16 0 0 121 190 1981-84 159 0 0 0 0 0 Nd Nd Nd 10 0 0 171 91 1985-88 129 18 0 0 2 0 62 Nd 26 21 0 0 199 52 1989-92 0 6 0 0 0 0 Nd Nd 11 18 0 0 33 55 1993-96 323 13 0 0 0 0 27 Nd 32 19 0 0 313 90 1997-00 3238 140 3 0 146 4 859 17 206 49 76 0 8866 Annual variation in the prevalence of genotypes was evident in the cereal species as well as great variation between samples. This variation is a common phenomenon and has been noted within field populations in studies of F. graminearum (de Kuppler et al, 2011;Miedaner et al, 2001). All three genotypes were found in all five cereal species: the 15ADON genotype was the dominant trichothecene genot...…”

“…This indicates that F. graminearum and F. poae were producers of NIV mycotoxin in barley in [2005][2006][2007]. The NIV genotype of F. graminearum is generally less common than the 15ADON and the 3ADON genotypes in Europe (de Kuppler et al, 2011) and has been rarely detected in the United States until recently where high proportions (79%) were detected in a F. graminearum population in southern Louisiana (Gale et al, 2011).…”

Comparison of Volatiles Profile and Contents of Trichothecenes Group B, Ergosterol, and ATP of Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, and Triticale Grain Naturally Contaminated by Mycobiota

“…The main factor is genetic, determining both, the quantity and quality of created toxins. Related to this is the effect of the different chemotypes of fungi (Lee et al, 2002; Kulik, 2011; Mugrabi de Kuppler et al, 2011) which are often regional in nature (Logrieco and Visconti, 2004). Factors influencing the formation of trichothecenes are: substrate, the time of infection, competition between microorganism, plant-pathogen interaction, and overall climatic conditions among which temperature, humidity, and rainfall are the most important (Champeil et al, 2004).…”

Population genetic analysis and trichothecene profiling of Fusarium graminearum from wheat in Uruguay

“…The chemical analysis showed that 40% of strains that were found to have the 15-ADON genotype produced only DON, revealing a distinction among the group of isolates genetically identified as 15-ADON. This discrepancy between genotype and chemotype has often been reported (de Kuppler et al, 2011;Somma et al, 2014), which is the main reason why the evaluation of possible risks related to F. graminearum wheat contamination cannot be based solely on trichothecene genotyping. Therefore, a thorough validation of the trichothecene genotypes by chemical analyses remains important for reporting the frequency of the different chemotypes within a target population.…”