Germanene structure enhancement by adjacent insoluble domains of lead

Chen, Ting‐Yu; Mikolas, David; Chiniwar, Santosh; Huang, Angus; Lin, Chung-Huang; Mou, Chung‐Yu; Jeng, Horng Tay; Pai, Woei Wu; Tang, S.-J.

doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.033138

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Ge atoms within the germanene honeycomb lattice are all located in the same chemical environment, which weakens a proposed highly buckled structure or a proposed coexisting alloy phase with strong interaction to the Ag substrate 13 , 22 . A broadening of the FWHM can be noted, which corresponds to the ordered disorder of germanene on Ag(111), as also observed by STM 28 , 32 , 35 . A local disorder of the germanene is caused by domain rotations and compressive strain, while a long-range order is confirmed by the respective LEED-pattern 32 , 35 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…A broadening of the FWHM can be noted, which corresponds to the ordered disorder of germanene on Ag(111), as also observed by STM 28 , 32 , 35 . A local disorder of the germanene is caused by domain rotations and compressive strain, while a long-range order is confirmed by the respective LEED-pattern 32 , 35 . However, as long as the asymmetry of XPS peaks is most likely for metallic materials 43 , the obtained asymmetry parameter of for germanene can further indicate a rather -hybridized bonding structure in germanene 48 , 49 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“… 32 . This strain leads to a modulation in the electron density which was observed as stripes in several STM studies 26 , 28 , 32 , 35 , 45 . Many descriptions of this superstructure for the striped phase have been published 26 , 29 , 31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…2 c, at a layer thickness of , which is a superposition of the and the germanene’s superstructures. However, the germanene phase, also called quasi-freestanding germanene 32 , 35 , forms at a coverage of approximately . The corresponding LEED pattern is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also considered as a striped phase (SP) due to tensile strains of the uppermost layer 32 with a long-range order of 26 . Then, after passing a mixed phase, the germanene arranges at a coverage of 32 , whose superstructure might be described as a 23 , a 29 , 33 , or a 34 , 35 with a long-range order of 34 , 36 . The large number of recently published controversial studies and results on what phases are formed and what they are called do not proceed the understanding of the structural formation process of germanene on Ag(111).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the structural evolution of quasi-freestanding germanene on Ag(111)

Kesper

Hochhaus

Schmitz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In the last decade, research on 2D materials has expanded massively due to the popularity of graphene. Although the chemical engineering of two-dimensional elemental materials as well as heterostructures has been extensively pursued, the fundamental understanding of the synthesis of 2D materials is not yet complete. Structural parameters, such as buckling or the interface structure of a 2D material to the substrate directly affect its electronic characteristics. In order to proceed the understanding of the element-specific growth and the associated ability of tuning material properties of two-dimensional materials, we performed a study on the structural evolution of the promising 2D material germanene on Ag(111). This study provides a survey of germanium formations at different layer thicknesses right up to the arising of quasi-freestanding germanene. Using powerful surface analysis tools like low-energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron diffraction with synchrotron radiation, we will reveal the internal and interfacial structure of all discovered germanium phases. Moreover, we will present models of the atomic and chemical structure of a $$\hbox {Ag}_2\hbox {Ge}$$ Ag 2 Ge surface alloy and the quasi-freestanding germanene with special focus on the structural parameters and electronic interaction at the interface.

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