Giant cell and granulomatous myocarditis necessitating cardiac transplantation: clinical, gross, and histopathological findings

Steger, Christina; Höfer, Daniel; Antretter, Herwig

doi:10.1007/s10353-014-0269-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Prominent cardiomyocyte necrosis, with multifocal to diffuse mixed inflammatory cells, often in a serpiginous pattern, including predominantly T-lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and occasional neutrophils typically populate the background. 8–12 However, despite the adequate number of biopsy tissues obtained, as our experience illustrates, MGCs might not be consistently apparent at initial biopsy resulting in a diagnosis of lymphocyte-mediated acute myocarditis not otherwise specified. This limitation can be due to a number of factors that are intrinsic and extrinsic to the disease including later appearance of MGCs with some authors suggesting it could take 1–2 weeks from the onset of symptoms for MGCs to assemble and become visible, 7 the not infrequent patchy distribution of inflammation with fewer MGCs relative to the accompanying inflammatory cells, minute size of tissues obtained at EMB, sampling error, and prior therapy effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Giant Cell Myocarditis in Children: Elusive Giant Cells Might Not Be the Only Clue

et al. 2021

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Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a form of fulminant myocarditis that is rapidly progressive and frequently lethal even in children. Over the course of 20 years, a definitive histopathologic diagnosis of GCM has been made at our institution in only two pediatric patients, and in neither instance was the diagnosis of GCM rendered on initial cardiac biopsy. We present the two patients and highlight the similarities in their clinical presentation and their challenging and inconclusive- albeit histologically similar- initial cardiac biopsy findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Giant Cell Myocarditis in Children: Elusive Giant Cells Might Not Be the Only Clue

et al. 2021

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Giant Cell Myocarditis: Case Review

Khoshavi

Amin

Youssef

et al. 2018

Multidiscip Cardio Annal

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Introduction: Although giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare, potentially fatal disease but its true prevalence is likely to be underestimated. GCM can lead to progressive heart failure, fatal ventricular arrhythmia and atrio-ventricular block. Case Presentation: The present report describes three cases of biopsy-proven GCM with clinical presentation including arrhythmia and heart failure. All patients were treated with immunosuppressant drugs. Conclusions: Arrhythmia and symptoms of heart failure with immunosuppression had a relative improvement in three patients.

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Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Brief Review

Brooks²

2016

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rapidly progressive and frequently fatal disease that mainly affects young to middle-aged previously healthy individuals. Early diagnosis is critical, as recent studies have shown that rapidly instituted cyclosporine-based immunosuppression can reduce inflammation and improve transplant-free survival. Before the 1980s, GCM was mainly a diagnosis made at autopsy. Owing to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic options, it is now increasingly diagnosed on the basis of endomyocardial biopsies, explanted hearts, or apical wedge sections removed at the time of ventricular assist device placement. Histologic examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis; however, there are many possible etiologies for cardiac giant cells. Having a working knowledge of the clinicopathologic features that distinguish GCM from other giant cell–containing lesions is essential, since such lesions can have widely divergent management and outcome.

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Giant cell and granulomatous myocarditis necessitating cardiac transplantation: clinical, gross, and histopathological findings

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Giant Cell Myocarditis in Children: Elusive Giant Cells Might Not Be the Only Clue

Giant Cell Myocarditis in Children: Elusive Giant Cells Might Not Be the Only Clue

Giant Cell Myocarditis: Case Review

Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Brief Review

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