Gibberellins Analysis, Determination of Endogenous Gibberellins in Green Malt by Isotopic, Derivative Dilution Procedures.

Lazer, L.; Baumgartner, W. E.; Dahlstrom, R. V.

doi:10.1021/jf60113a007

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In contrast, Cohen and Paleg (5) and Groat and Briggs (6) examined the endogenous gibberellins in germinating barley by paper chromatography and bioassay and showed that GAa appeared to be the main gibberellin. Lazer et al (18,19) determined the endogenous GAa level in five-day green malt by an isotopic dilution procedure with paper chromatography, and Murphy and Briggs (22) identified GAa and GA? and determined the GAa level in germinating barley by isotopic dilution procedures with thin-layer chromatography.…”

Section: I-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods for the determination of gibberellins have been developed. These include fluorometric procedures (9,13,35), the isotopic dilution method (18,19,22), gas chromatography (4,10), and bioassay with dwarf rice seedlings (21), deembryonated barley endosperm (1,12,26,38), dwarf peas 7, and cucumber seeds (16). Among these methods, the bioassay method, which depends on the biological activity of gibberellins, is most selective, but the bioassay results are not consistent.…”

Section: Retention Time (Min)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of studies using these methods, two theories have emerged on the sort of dominant endogenous gibberellin in germinating barley kernels. GAi (33) and GA 3 (5,6,18,19,22) are suggested as the dominant gibberellins by these theories. The GAj concept has been most widely accepted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bioassay with certain plant tissues sensitive to small amounts of gibberellins, such as barley endosperm (1,5,33,38) lettuce hypocotyl (6), and Rumex leaf (33), is most often employed in studies of endogenous gibberellins. Isotopic dilution procedures (18,19,22), an effective method for determination of very small quantities of certain compounds, is also used. On the basis of studies using these methods, two theories have emerged on the sort of dominant endogenous gibberellin in germinating barley kernels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of Endogenous Gibberellins in Germinating Barley by Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

1982

ASBCJ

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This study was undertaken to elucidate the dominant endogenous gibberellins (GA) and the changes in their levels in germinating barley during malting. Also, a method for determining gibberellins in barley and malt by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. Endogenous gibberellins in germinating Fuji Nijo II and Betzes barley were sequentially extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate. Fractions corresponding to GAi, GAj, GA 4 , and GA? were separated and collected from the ethyl acetate extract by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, silicic acid partition column chromatography, silica gel thin-layer chromatography, and kieselguhr thin-layer chromatography. Biological activity of each fraction was examined by bioassay with dwarf rice seedlings (var. Tan-ginbozu) and deembryonated barley endosperm. Identification of each gibberellin was performed by analysis of the methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivative of gibberellin in each fraction by GC-MS. Determination of gibberellin content was performed by mass fragmentography with GC-MS. The data indicated that the dominant gibberellin in germinating barley is GAi and that G Aj is a minor gibberellin. GA< and GA? were not identified. GAi and GAj contents in germinating barley under malting conditions reached their maximum concentrations on the second day; levels decreased on the fourth and sixth days of germination. The behavior of authentic GAs added to steeped barley during germination and the contents of residual GAs in commercial malts were also examined.

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Section: I-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retention Time (Min)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

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Determination of Endogenous Gibberellins in Germinating Barley by Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

1982

ASBCJ

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“…Wr. The greater gibberellic acid activity in extracts allowed to stand at low pH for 24 hours, as compared to 8 hours, led Lazer, Baumgartner, and Dahlstrom (4) to believe that gibberellic acid occurred in a bound or derivative form. They suggested that this increase may be the result of hydrolysis of a precursor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid & neutral gibberellin-like substances in potato tubers

Hayashi

Blumenthal-Goldschmidt

Rappaport

1962

Plant Physiol.

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Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Barley Endosperm

MacLeod

1962

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

100

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When slices of barley endosperm are incubated with gibberellic acid in aseptic conditions the activities of salt‐soluble endo‐β‐glucanase and endopentosanase are greatly augmented and enzymes and soluble products of cell‐wall degradation (hexosan and pentosan) are secreted into the surrounding medium. This cytolytic action, together with the enhanced amylolytic activity which can be detected in isolated endosperms subjected to gibberellic acid, is sufficient to cause complete solubilization of the starchy endosperm in 3 days at 25° C. Gibberellic acid acts through the respiring aleurone layer; it has no effect on aleurone‐free endosperm or on endosperm slices in which the aleurone has lost the power of reducing tetrazolium salts. Gibberellic acid‐induced sugar secretion from endosperm slices is maximal at 30° C. and completely inhibited at 37° C. and secretion both of sugars and of endo‐β‐glucanase is unaffected in conditions which inhibit proteolysis. Excised barley embryos show no response to added gibberellic acid. It is suggested that, when barley germinates without additions of gibberellic acid, endogenous gibberellin present in the embryo is translocated to the aleurone where it induces secretion of hydrolytic enzymes from subcellular particles, so causing modification to proceed inwards from the aleurone; if this is so, then added gibberellic acid merely enhances the effects of the endogenous component.

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Gibberellins Analysis, Determination of Endogenous Gibberellins in Green Malt by Isotopic, Derivative Dilution Procedures.

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of Endogenous Gibberellins in Germinating Barley by Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Endogenous Gibberellins in Germinating Barley by Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Acid & neutral gibberellin-like substances in potato tubers

Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Barley Endosperm

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