Ginger-supplemented diet ameliorates ammonium nitrate-induced oxidative stress in rats

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the capacity of ginger to repair the oxidative stress induced by ammonium nitrate. 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups; they underwent an oral treatment of ammonium nitrate and/or ginger (N mg/kg body weight + G% in diet) during 30 days. Group I served as control (C); group II (G) received a diet with 2% of ginger; group III (N) received a toxic dose of ammonium nitrate and normal diet; group IV (NG) received a toxic dose of ammonium nitrate and a diet containing 2% ginger and group V (N + G) received a highly toxic dose of ammonium nitrate and an experimental diet containing 2% ginger. The treatment by ammonium nitrate was found to elicit a rise in blood biochemical parameters, a disorder in hematological parameters and significant decrease in the tissue glutathione level. Feeding ginger supplemented diets to ammonium nitrate treated rats restored all the parameters studied compared to the controls. These findings suggest that ginger treatment exerts a protective effect on metabolic disorders by decreasing oxidative stress.

Calcium Nitrate Toxicity on Rat Liver and Kidney Functions: A Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation

“…Additionally, waste products from protein metabolism that are eliminated by the kidneys, such as blood creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentrations, are usually regarded as indicators of kidney function (Tootian et al, 2012). Accordingly, our results showed a significant increase in blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in response to (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O)toxicity, similar to those previously reported (Messaadia et al, 2013).The increased blood urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels suggested impaired renal function as evidenced by changes in reabsorption threshold, renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration. The results of the present work indicated that (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O) induces histopathological alterations in the liver characterized by venous congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes, and fatty degeneration.…”

“…In addition, increased levels of ALT and AST in the blood indicate their increased release in blood following hepatocyte necrosis leading to liver impaired function (Krim et al,2013). As previously reported, the concentration of transaminases (AST, ALT) may become high in ammonium nitrate (Messaadia et al, 2013) or sodium nitrate treated rats (Delgadoa et al,2018). In this study, calcium nitrates induced a marked decrease in blood total protein levels.…”

“…This hepatomegaly can be explained by the over-espression of oxidative stress and over-excitation of the liver detoxification process in response to the harmful effect of xenobiotics (Guerriero et al, 2014;Abdel-Gawad et al, 2020).Furthermore, blood glucose level was significantly increased in treated rats compared with controls, and this concords with those previously reported (Azzez et al, 2011;Delgadoa et al,2018).The hyperglycemia due to calcium nitrate treatment is likely explained by the activation of the glycogenolysis process, resulting in the release of glucose by glycogen phosphorylase under the action of amylase (Hijmans et al, 2014).Several European research studies have attempted to discover a close association between nitrate concentration in drinking water and insulin-dependent diabetes by increasing blood glucose while decreasing hepatic glycogen (IDD), but the comparison revealed sparse and contradictory data (Moltchanova et al,2004).On the other hand, results showed a very highly significant increase in the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. This hyperlipidemia can be explained by hypothyroidism (Jublanc and Bruckert, 2004;Pearce, 2004).Previous in vivo experimental studies have proven that inorganic nitrate is a short-term goitrogenic agent causing hypertrophy of the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland (Boukerche et al, 2007;Gatseva and Argirova, 2008;Messaadia et al, 2013).On top of that, (Ca (NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O) treated rats for 30 days resulted in an elevation of enzymatic activity of transaminases (AST, ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin level, and a lowering of total protein and albumin levels. This result is in line with that previously reported Fouad et al, 2017;Kattiaa et al, 2017).…”