Glass–ceramic frits for porcelain stoneware bodies: Effects on sintering, phase composition and technological properties

The vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware: Composition, evolution during sintering and physical properties

“…Such a vitreous phase, being quantitatively predominant, governs the viscous flow sintering and strongly affects the geometrical characteristics of tiles as well as their mechanical, tribological and functional properties [6,7,[13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Factors affecting glaze transparency of ceramic tiles manufactured by the single firing technique

“…Some of these systems, such as Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 and CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 , have been explored with greater emphasis for some time. 5,14 However, devitrified crystalline phases usually present higher refractive indices than those of glassy matrices, resulting in glazes with low transparency.…”

“…Glaze devitrification has been studied exhaustively in response to the growing interest in vitroceramic glazes [12][13][14] in recent years. This phenomenon is directly related to the chemical composition of the starting glaze and to the sintering conditions.…”

Influence of body composition on the technological properties and mineralogy of stoneware: A DOE and mineralogical–microstructural study

“…This methodology is increasingly used for the microstructural characterisation of porcelain stoneware. 4,12,13,28,29,31 The complex reaction pathways taking place during firing of porcelain stoneware may involve synergistic or competitive effects between raw materials which are difficult to identify using traditional experimental approaches. These problems can be resolved using Mixture Design 32 which is a type of Design of Experiment (DOE) method.…”

“…9 Replacement of traditional raw materials with other components in order to improve the technological properties of the fired product has also been extensively investigated. [10][11][12][13] The production process of porcelain stoneware is rather simple, including wet grinding of raw material mixtures, preparation of slip and spray drying of the slip which results in humid (ca. 6 wt% moisture) powder aggregates.…”