Gliatrophic and gliatropic roles of PVF/PVR signaling during axon guidance

Learte, Anabel R.; Forero, Manuel G.; Hidalgo, Alicia

doi:10.1002/glia.20601

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This may reflect conditions in intact insect nervous systems, where survival of glial cells has been demonstrated to depend on trophic factors from nearby neurons and the lack of these factors initiated apoptosis (Jacobs, 2000;Hidalgo et al, 2001;Bergmann et al, 2002;Sen et al, 2004;Learte et al, 2008). In addition, some studies indicated that neurons also depend on glial signals that determine differentiation (Jones et al, 1995), growth (Keen et al, 1994) and survival (Buchanan and Benzer, 1993;Jones et al, 1995;Booth et al, 2000;Shepherd, 2000).…”

Section: Microscopy Research and Techniquementioning

confidence: 92%

Recognition, presence, and survival of locust central nervous glia in situ and in vitro

Gocht

Wagner

Heinrich

2008

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Insect glial cells serve functions for the formation, maintenance, and performance of the central nervous system in ways similar to their vertebrate counterparts. Characterization of physiological mechanisms that underlie the roles of glia in invertebrates is largely incomplete, partly due to the lack of markers that universally label all types of glia throughout all developmental stages in various species. Studies on primary cell cultures from brains of Locusta migratoria demonstrated that the absence of anti-HRP immunoreactivity, which has previously been used to identify glial cells in undissociated brains, can also serve as a reliable glial marker in vitro, but only in combination with a viability test. As cytoplasmic membranes of cultured cells are prone to degradation when they lose viability, only cells that are both anti-HRP immunonegative and viable should be regarded as glial cells, whereas the lack of anti-HRP immunoreactivity alone is not sufficient. Cell viability can be assessed by the pattern of nuclear staining with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), a convenient, sensitive labeling method that can be used in combination with other immunocytochemical cellular markers. We determined the glia-to-neuron ratio in central brains of fourth nymphal stage of Locusta migratoria to be 1:2 both in situ and in dissociated primary cell cultures. Analysis of primary cell cultures revealed a progressive reduction of glial cells and indicated that dead cells detach from the substrate and vanish from the analysis. Such changes in the composition of cell cultures should be considered in future physiological studies on cell cultures from insect nervous systems.

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Section: Microscopy Research and Techniquementioning

confidence: 92%

Recognition, presence, and survival of locust central nervous glia in situ and in vitro

Gocht

Wagner

Heinrich

2008

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Conversely, perturbing VNC development blocks haemocyte migration along the midline and prevents haemocytes from reaching mid-trunk neuromeres and other potential sites of function; hence, haemocyte migration and VNC development are interdependent processes. This interdependence is particularly fascinating given that the key growth factors in haemocyte migration (Pvf2 and Pvf3) also regulate glial cell migrations within the VNC (Learte et al, 2008). Reiterative use of growth factors, such as the Pvfs, reduces the number of genes required to regulate the multitude of processes crucial for development.…”

Section: Interdependence Of Vnc Development and Haemocyte Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdependence of macrophage migration and ventral nerve cord development in Drosophila embryos

Evans

Skaer

et al. 2010

Development

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SUMMARYDuring embryonic development, Drosophila macrophages (haemocytes) undergo a series of stereotypical migrations to disperse throughout the embryo. One major migratory route is along the ventral nerve cord (VNC), where haemocytes are required for the correct development of this tissue. We show, for the first time, that a reciprocal relationship exists between haemocytes and the VNC and that defects in nerve cord development prevent haemocyte migration along this structure. Using live imaging, we demonstrate that the axonal guidance cue Slit and its receptor Robo are both required for haemocyte migration, but signalling is not autonomously required in haemocytes. We show that the failure of haemocyte migration along the VNC in slit mutants is not due to a lack of chemotactic signals within this structure, but rather to a failure in its detachment from the overlying epithelium, creating a physical barrier to haemocyte migration. This block of haemocyte migration in turn disrupts the formation of the dorsoventral channels within the VNC, further highlighting the importance of haemocyte migration for correct neural development. This study illustrates the important role played by the three-dimensional environment in directing cell migration in vivo and reveals an intriguing interplay between the developing nervous system and the blood cells within the fly, demonstrating that their development is both closely coupled and interdependent.

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“…During embryonic development, programmed cell death (PCD) shapes the embryo, enabling proper development of tissues and organs (Domingos and Steller, 2007;Henson and Hume, 2006;Hipfner and Cohen, 2004;Learte et al, 2008). Specifically, PCD in the developing nervous system has been demonstrated in Drosophila as well as in higher organisms (Brachmann and Cagan, 2003;Buss et al, 2006;Rogulja-Ortmann et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced sensitivity of midline glial cells to apoptosis is achieved by HOW(L)-dependent repression of Diap1

Reuveny

Elhanany

Volk

2009

Mechanisms of Development

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The selective sensitivity of cells to programmed cell death (PCD) depends on the positive and negative death-inducing signals that converge into the apoptotic pathway. In Drosophila, the midline glial (MG) cells undergo selective death during development. Here, we show that the long isoform of the RNA-binding protein Held Out Wing (HOW(L)) is essential for enhancing the sensitivity of the MG cells to PCD. In how mutant embryos, the number of MG cells was elevated. This phenotype could be rescued by midline expression of the HOW(L) repressor isoform. In how mutant embryos, the levels of the caspase inhibitor of apoptosis, Diap1 were elevated, in parallel to reduction in the levels of activated caspase. Similarly, reducing the levels of HOW in S2 cells led to elevation of Diap1, whereas over expression of HOW(L) promoted reduction of Diap1 protein as well as mRNA levels. Importantly, deletion of the two HOW binding sites from diap1 3'UTR abrogated HOW-dependent repression of Diap1, suggesting that HOW represses diap1 by binding to its 3'UTR. These results suggest that HOW(L) enhances the sensitivity of MG cells to apoptotic signals by reducing the levels of diap1 in these cells in, demonstrating a novel mode of regulation of PCD at the mRNA level.

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Gliatrophic and gliatropic roles of PVF/PVR signaling during axon guidance

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Recognition, presence, and survival of locust central nervous glia in situ and in vitro

Recognition, presence, and survival of locust central nervous glia in situ and in vitro

Interdependence of macrophage migration and ventral nerve cord development in Drosophila embryos

Enhanced sensitivity of midline glial cells to apoptosis is achieved by HOW(L)-dependent repression of Diap1

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