Global and regional spending on dementia care from 2000–2019 and expected future health spending scenarios from 2020–2050: An economic modelling exercise

Velandia, Paola Pedroza; Miller-Petrie, Molly K.; Chen, Carina; Chakrabarti, Suman; Chapin, Abigail; Hay, Simon I; Tsakalos, Golsum; Wimo, Anders; Dieleman, Joseph L

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101337

Cited by 85 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Globally, dementia alone cost healthcare systems approximately US $594 billion in 2019. It has been predicted that by 2056, dementia spending will increase to US $1.6 trillion [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of cognitive remediation on activities of daily living in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Introduction Instrumental activities of daily living are essential for ageing well and independent living. Little is known about the effectiveness of cognitive remediation on instrumental activities of daily living performance for individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term carryover effects of cognitive remediation on improving or maintaining instrumental activities of daily living performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia. Methods Randomized controlled trials published from 2009 to 2022 were identified in OvidSP versions of MEDLINE and Embase, EBSCO versions of CINAHL and PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A narrative synthesis of the findings was reported on the outcomes of the included studies. Relevant data was extracted and analysed using R software’s ‘metafor’ package with a random effect model with 95% CI. Results Thirteen studies, totalling 1414 participants, were identified in the narrative analysis. The results of meta-analysis, inclusive of 11 studies, showed that cognitive remediation elicited a significant improvement in the instrumental activities of daily living performance (SMD: 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.31). There was insufficient evidence of any lasting effect. Discussion Cognitive remediation is effective in improving instrumental activities of daily living performance immediately post-intervention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia. It appears that individualized interventions with a short duration, such as 10 hours, might be beneficial. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42016042364

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“…Globally, dementia alone cost healthcare systems approximately US $594 billion in 2019. It has been predicted that by 2056, dementia spending will increase to US $1.6 trillion [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of cognitive remediation on activities of daily living in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…7 Pedroza and colleagues estimated the global healthcare spending for dementia to be $263 billion in 2019, and projected that it would increase to $1.6 trillion by 2050. 10 Jia and colleagues 9 estimated the combined direct medical cost (e.g., inpatient and outpatient), direct nonmedical cost (e.g., social sector costs and long-term care fees), and indirect cost (e.g., opportunity cost and comorbidities) to be $2.54 trillion in 2030, $4.83 trillion in 2040, and $9.12 trillion in 2050. Our estimates of economic burden as the monetized value of DALYs lost to ADRDs are not directly comparable to these estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Other studies have used baseline dementia prevalence rates with dynamic population projections to estimate future disease burden. 10 , 35 We employed a more detailed approach, incorporating both recent growth in ADRDs prevalence rates and future age- and sex-specific population projections in each country (Model 1). For each country, we first used GBD data (with vascular dementia adjustment) to calculate the average annual growth rate of per person YLLs and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) from ADRDs during 2010–2019 by five year age groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 , 21 , 37 While a few modeling studies have estimated dementia care costs, such estimates are not available at the per capita level necessary for our analysis. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 Therefore, we valued YLLs and YLDs equally at the rate of one VSLY following previous studies that have used this approach. 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 The World Alzheimer Report (2015) and other studies have projected the global direct cost of dementia care (including ADRDs and other dementias) to be $2 trillion by 2030, while the direct and indirect cost (which includes lost wages of caregivers) of care is estimated to rise to $9.12 trillion by 2050. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 However, these and other estimates often do not capture the broader individual aspects of the burden of ADRDs such as lost market and nonmarket productivity of patients and the value of suffering and loss of dignity. 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 Failure to account for the economic burden of ADRDs could lead countries to underinvest in the development and delivery of therapeutic drugs for ADRDs and in new approaches to ADRDs’ prevention and care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias from 2019 to 2050: A value of statistical life approach

Nandi

Counts²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

eClinicalMedicine

132

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Pet Ownership, Living Alone, and Cognitive Decline Among Adults 50 Years and Older

Li,

Wang,

Zhu

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceIt remains unclear whether pet ownership is associated with cognitive decline and to what extent pet ownership mitigates the association between living alone and cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo explore the association of pet ownership with cognitive decline, the interaction between pet ownership and living alone, and the extent to which pet ownership mitigates the association between living alone and cognitive decline in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from waves 5 (June 2010 to July 2011) to 9 (from June 2018 to July 2019) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants included adults 50 years and older. Data were analyzed from April 1 to June 30, 2023.ExposuresPet ownership and living alone in wave 5.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn waves 5 to 9, verbal memory and verbal fluency were assessed, and composite verbal cognition was further calculated.ResultsOf the 7945 participants included, the mean (SD) age was 66.3 (8.8) years, and 4446 (56.0%) were women. Pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in composite verbal cognition (β = 0.008 [95% CI, 0.002-0.014] SD/y), verbal memory (β = 0.006 [95% CI, 0.001-0.012] SD/y), and verbal fluency (β = 0.007 [95% CI, 0.001-0.013] SD/y). Three-way interaction tests showed that living alone was a significant modifier in all 3 associations. Stratified analyses showed that pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in composite verbal cognition (β = 0.023 [95% CI, 0.011-0.035] SD/y), verbal memory (β = 0.021 [95% CI, 0.008-0.034] SD/y), and verbal fluency (β = 0.018 [95% CI, 0.005-0.030] SD/y) among individuals living alone, but not among those living with others. Joint association analyses showed no significant difference in rates of decline in composite verbal cognition, verbal memory, or verbal fluency between pet owners living alone and pet owners living with others.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in verbal memory and verbal fluency among older adults living alone, but not among those living with others, and pet ownership offset the associations between living alone and declining rates in verbal memory and verbal fluency. Further studies are needed to assess whether pet ownership slows the rate of cognitive decline in older adults living alone.

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Global and regional spending on dementia care from 2000–2019 and expected future health spending scenarios from 2020–2050: An economic modelling exercise

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

Efficacy of cognitive remediation on activities of daily living in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Efficacy of cognitive remediation on activities of daily living in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias from 2019 to 2050: A value of statistical life approach

Pet Ownership, Living Alone, and Cognitive Decline Among Adults 50 Years and Older

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