Global aquaculture growth and institutional quality

Abstract

The global aquaculture sector has grown continuously over the past 40 years, though unevenly among countries. Differences in factors such as inputs, climate, management, technology, markets, social environment, and institutions might be reasons for the disparities in growth. This study focuses on institutions, by analyzing the relationship between annual growth in the production of the major aquaculture countries and the quality of their institutions over three decades (1984-2013). Based on an ex-ante set of criteria, seventy-four aquaculture countries from five different regions-Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania-were selected. Annual percentage change in total aquaculture production, in terms of quantity and value, was used as a proxy for sector development. Three indices-governance, corruption, and competitiveness-were used as institutional quality proxies. Empirical results suggest that the aquaculture growth did not significantly correlate with the quality of institutions. By region, Africa had the fastest growth in the aquaculture sector, though from a low base, with 7.35% and 9.28% higher annual percentage change in aquaculture quantity and value respectively, than the Asian region. While, the European region experienced significantly lower annual percentage change in aquaculture quantity, a difference of 3.78% compared to the Asian region. Furthermore, the study found that total aquaculture production was not positively correlated with eco-label certification. The study is concluded by discussing the "aquaculture paradox."

Contributing to Fisheries Sustainability: Inequality Analysis in the High Seas Catches of Countries

“…During the last stage, 2000-2014, inequality continues decreasing, but more smoothly. This is due to the stability observed in catches (see Figure 1) mainly produced by the boom in aquaculture in this period [49]. Another remarkable feature illustrated in Figure 5 is the differences observed between the indexes over time.…”

Kebolehupayaan Fitoremediasi oleh Azolla pinnata dalam Merawat Air Sisa Akuakultur

“…Pengeluaran makanan yang berasaskan ikan di seluruh dunia melalui sektor akuakultur adalah sebanyak 73.8 juta tan pada tahun 2014, jumlah pengeluaran akuakultur global, termasuk tumbuh-tumbuhan akuatik ternakan adalah 101.1 juta tan yang bernilai AS $165.8 bilion (FAO 2016). Asia menguasai pengeluaran ini dengan menyumbang sebanyak 88.91% daripada jumlah pengeluaran pada tahun 2014 (Nadarajah & Flaaten 2017).…”

“…Penggunaan ikan dianggarkan terus meningkat di negaranegara Asia, Afrika, Amerika dan Negara Eropah pada tahun 2010-2030 (Kobayashi et al 2015). Memandangkan sumbangan oleh sektor akuakultur global kepada keselamatan makanan, pembangunan lestari sektor akuakultur adalah penting untuk memenuhi permintaan masa hadapan daripada penduduk dunia sebanyak 9.6 bilion menjelang 2050 (Nadarajah & Flaaten 2017).…”

¿Estamos investigando la efectividad de las certificaciones ambientales para lograr la sustentabilidad acuícola?

“…En México, y a pesar de su importancia, la acuicultura todavía no es una actividad sustentable (Martínez-Córdova et al, 2009: 184). Es ampliamente reconocido que la acuicultura experimenta y genera un alto grado de externalidades dadas sus particularidades en relación con la pesca; es un sector hecho por el hombre, los stocks de animales son de propiedad privada y generan consecuencias positivas y negativas alrededor de los ecosistemas naturales (Nadarajah y Flaaten, 2017). Calvente (2007: 3) enuncia que esta actividad afecta los sistemas naturales, pues modifica el ambiente y genera efectos negativos.…”

“…El etiquetado ecológico es una forma de programa de certificación, que tiene como fin evitar los efectos socioambientales negativos causados por la actividad y mejorar su sustentabilidad. Algunos países, como México, la han puesto en práctica (Nadarajah y Flaaten, 2017).…”