Global burden of primary liver cancer by five etiologies and global prediction by 2035 based on global burden of disease study 2019

Abstract

Background: Using data from the global burden of disease (GBD) between 1990 and 2019 to report the leading etiological factors and hazards for liver cancer by HBV (LCHB), HCV (LCHC), alcoholic use (LCAL), NASH (LCNA), and other causes (LCOT). Method:The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in different districts, sex, and age are used to quantify the change of etiologies of liver cancer. Age-period-cohort models were performed to predict the primary liver cancer incidence and case numbers.Results: Based on the GBD database of the whole world for the five etiologies of liver cancer in 2019, the percentage of incidence of LCAL, LCHB, LCHC, LCNA, and LCOT are 18.4%, 41%, 28.5%, 6.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Fiver etiologies of liver cancer show gender differences, with LCHB and LCAL being more prevalent in men, and LCHC, LCNA being more prevalent in women. Besides, live cancer of males is because of alcohol using and smoking, while the reason of liver cancer of females is drug use, high BMI and high fasting plasma glucose. Interestingly, the incidence of LCHC in women over 85 years old, LCNA in women over 75 years old, and LCOT in women over 75 years old were all higher than that in men.According to the future prediction, the incidence rate of liver cancer itself, as well as the five causes of liver cancer, tends to decrease gradually after 2019, while the incidence rate of LCNA in males will continue to increase until 2025. Conclusions:The incidence of liver cancer has been increasing and its major causes vary considerably at global, regional, or national levels, also vary by gender and age group.

Trends in the disease burden of HBV and HCV infection in China from 1990-2019

“…Our study has several limitations. First, our study analyzed the HBV/HCV-associated disease burden in China using the GBD 2019 database ( Liu et al, 2022 ), but missing data and model deviations might affect the results . Second, our study could not report the spatial distribution of HBV and HCV infection in China because there is a lack of provincial data in the GBD database.…”

Effect of theaflavin-3,3′-digallate on leptin-deficient induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease might be related to lipid metabolism regulated by the Fads1/PPARδ/Fabp4 axis and gut microbiota

“…Considering the increasing morbidity of obesity and diabetes ( Cotter and Rinella, 2020 ), the incidence of NAFLD has been increasing in recent years, and metabolic diseases were associated with greater NAFLD risk ( Perumpail et al, 2017 ), which means NAFLD could place a heavier economic burden on health in the global societies. As a common chronic liver disease, NAFLD has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations; simple steatosis could progress into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma ( Manne et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2022 ). As the most widely prescribed lipid-lowering drugs, statins can be safely used to treat dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD/NASH ( Easl Easd And Easo, 2016 ; Chalasani et al, 2018 ).…”

Chinese and Global Burdens of Gastrointestinal Cancers From 1990 to 2019

“…Therefore, the cross-sectional research provided a comprehensive description of the burden of six major GI cancers in China and globally from 1990 to 2019. Although some indicators for certain cancers have been reported, our findings not only serve as a complement to previous results but also provide help for decision-makers to evaluate the total burden of GI cancers for formulating targeting prevention strategies and allocating public health resources (5,6).…”

“…We discovered that ASIR for liver cancer in high SDI regions was increasing annually, and this might be strongly related to HBV infection ( 6 ). While East and Southeast Asia, a traditionally high-risk region for liver cancer, still maintained a high ASIR, the ASIR has been decreasing year by year in recent years, mainly benefiting from various preventive measures for HBV ( 24 ).…”