Global Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat: Online Monitoring of Oxygen Free Radical Production Using Chemiluminescence in vivo

Abstract

Summary: Using online in vivo chemiluminescence (CL), we studied for the first time continuously the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after global cerebral ischemia and the relationship of ROS production to CBF. In anesthetized rats equipped with a closed cranial win dow, the CL enhancer, lucigenin (I mM), was superfused onto the brain topically. CL was measured through the cranial window with a cooled photomUltiplier, and CBF was measured simultaneously with laser-Doppler flow metry. Reperfusion after 10 min (n = 8) of global cerebral ischemia led to a CL peak to 188 ± 77% (baseline = 100%) within 10 ± 4 min. After 2 h of reperfusion, CL had returned to 102 ± 28%. Reperfusion after 20 min (n = 8) of ischemia increased CL to 225 ± 48% within 12 ± 3 min. After 2 h, CL was still increased (150 ± 44%, p < 0.05 compared with 10 min of ischemia). CL after 10 min of ischemia was neither affected by brain topical free CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100 U/ml, n = 3) nor by i.v. administration of free CuZn-SOD (104 U/kg, followed byThere is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in hypoxic/ischemic tis sue damage in a number of organs, including the brain (for review see Halliwell et aI. , 1992; Trayst man et al. , 1991). ROS formation as a potential mechanism of damage has to be considered primar ily when oxygen becomes available again after an

Selective detection of superoxide anion radicals generated from macrophages by using a novel fluorescent probe

“…To date, methods to detect of O 2 -AE include ESR [7], superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable Nitro Blue tetrazolium [8], chemiluminescence [9,10] and fluorescence [11]. Among these methods, fluorescence detection appears to be particularly attractive because it is able make superoxide anion radicals in living cells 'visible' in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy.…”

The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Free Radical Production in Hypoxic Rats.

“…17) Recent studies suggested that nitric oxide synthase activity contributed to luminol-dependant CL response of human neutrophils while administration of free Cu-Zn SOD did not affect it. 18,19) As for possible drug action on antioxidant enzyme activities (Cu-Zn SOD-GSH Px), no statistically significant differences were observed between normoxic, control and treated rats at both drug doses used. However, other authors have in- dicated that studies involving antioxidant enzyme stimulation after Gb extract treatment were carried out on isolated organs and their experimental approach was considerably different from our own.…”

Decreased Infarct Volume and Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Intra-Arterial Nonionic Iso-Osmolar Contrast Material in an MCA Occlusion/Reperfusion Model

“…Reperfusion increases levels of reactive oxygen species, including the superoxide radical and nitric oxide. 40,41 Oxidative radicals trigger activation of metallopro- teinases, which disrupt permeability barriers and, in turn, potentiate injury to microvasculature and neural cells during ischemia and reperfusion. 42,43 Larger infarcts and increased HT occur in the reperfusion of MCA occlusion compared with permanent occlusion, and metalloproteinases are particularly increased after reperfusion compared with models of permanent occlusion.…”