Global changing trends in incidence and mortality of gastric cancer by age and sex, 1990-2019: Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Background:The global disease burden of gastric cancer (GC) is still heavy. Understanding the patterns and trends of the global GC burden is important for developing precise prevention strategies. Materials and Methods:The data of GC burden were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2019). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to estimate the temporal trends of the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) of global GC by age-specific groups (15-49, 50-69, and ≥70 years), sexes, socio-demographic indexes (SDIs), regions, and countries. Results: In 2019, the ASIR and ASMR of global GC increased with age in both sexes, and reached a peak in the older 70 age group. The ASIR and ASMR in males were higher than those in females. From 1990 to 2019, the global number of GC incident cases increased in both sexes in all age-specific groups; while the ASIR of GC decreased, and the most significant decrease was observed in the 50-69 age group [males: EAPC=-1.34, 95% CI: (-1.49, -1.18); females: EAPC= -2.09, 95% CI: (-2.22, -1.96)]. During the study period, downward trends in ASIR of GC were observed in both sexes in most SDI regions, GBD regions, and countries. Similar trends in ASMR of GC were also observed. Conclusion:The global GC incidence and mortality rates decreased from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes, most GBD regions, and most countries. However, the GC burden was still heavy in some GBD regions and countries in special age-specific groups. It is important to formulate and implement tertiary prevention strategies based on the GC burden of age-specific groups in different regions and countries.

Chinese and Global Burdens of Gastrointestinal Cancers From 1990 to 2019

“…Therefore, the cross-sectional research provided a comprehensive description of the burden of six major GI cancers in China and globally from 1990 to 2019. Although some indicators for certain cancers have been reported, our findings not only serve as a complement to previous results but also provide help for decision-makers to evaluate the total burden of GI cancers for formulating targeting prevention strategies and allocating public health resources (5,6).…”

“…Despite the global decline in incidence and death rates, stomach cancer remains the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer death ( 1 ). The decrease in new cases was only observed in European countries, which was probably attributed to the changing age structure and the growing population ( 5 ). Recently, a novel view has been proposed that ASIR would fall below the rare disease threshold in multiple countries, indicating that stomach cancer potentially becomes a rare disease in the future ( 17 ).…”

Sex differences in cancer incidence and mortality among patients managed at King Hussein Cancer Center

“…The current evidence suggests that estrogen is protective against stomach cancer 27 ; moreover, the H. pylori rates among Jordanians are high yet data on their prevalence per sex is lacking 37,38 . The result is more baffling as males are expected to commit to riskier health behaviors and are exposed to more occupational hazards 39 . Additionally, according to the Jordanian Cancer Registry, male incidence of stomach cancer is two times greater than that of females 14 .…”

“…37,38 The result is more baffling as males are expected to commit to riskier health behaviors and are exposed to more occupational hazards. 39 Additionally, according to the Jordanian Cancer Registry, male incidence of stomach cancer is two times greater than that of females. 14 Nonetheless, the poor survival of young females due to stomach cancer has been previously reported and was attributed to physiological, endocrinological and immunological differences affecting susceptibility to and invasiveness of stomach cancer.…”

Peptic ulcer as mediator of the association between risk of gastric cancer and socioeconomic status, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and salt intake

“…Despite its declining incidence and mortality,1 gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common neoplasms, representing the fifth most common cancer and the fourth cause of cancer mortality worldwide 2. Its burden concerns especially low socioeconomic status (SES) groups of the population.…”