Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production

Melillo, Jerry M.; McGuire, A. David; Kicklighter, David W.; Moore, Berrien; Vörösmarty, Charles J; Schloss, Annette L.

doi:10.1038/363234a0

Cited by 1,753 publications

(1,069 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is a small flux relative to the global annual NPP of 40-78 Pg C (Melillo et al, 1993) but is significant relative to the annual carbon emission from fossil fuel and cement production (about 6 Pg in 1990), the atmospheric increase in CO 2 abundance (3.3 Pg C) and the ''missing sink'' (1.8 Pg C) that represents the imbalance of the known terms (Malhi et al, 1999). Given the large uncertainties associated with the individual terms estimated by models of global terrestrial carbon fluxes (e.g., leaf, above-ground wood, root, and heterotrophic respiration), the addition of another uncertain term, RCC emissions from vegetation, may not improve the accuracy of global estimates of carbon fluxes in the near future.…”

Section: Global Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

2002

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Section: Global Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

2002

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“…The gauged discharge data used were collated by the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) from 1348 gauging stations with tributaries larger than 2500 km 2 and with time series exceeding 12 years with < 10% missing data. The water balance model uses the data set of Legates and Willmott (1990a) for global precipitation, the formula of Hamon (1963) to calculate evapotranspiration on the basis of temperature (using the data set of Legates and Willmott, 1990b), soil type data from the FAO/UNESCO soil data bank (FAO/UNESCO, 1986), topographic data from the ETOPO5 global elevation data set (Edwards, 1989) and a contemporary land cover classification derived from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (Melillo et al, 1993) with Olson's land use classification (Olson, 1991).…”

Section: Hydrological Data 221 Runoff Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Whelan¹,

Hodges²,

Williams³

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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Predictions of surface water exposure to "down-the-drain" chemicals are presented which employ grid-based spatially-referenced data on average monthly runoff, population density, country-specific per capita domestic water and substance use rates and sewage treatment provision. Water and chemical load are routed through the landscape using flow directions derived from digital elevation data, accounting for in-stream chemical losses using simple first order kinetics. Although the spatial and temporal resolution of the model are relatively coarse, the model still has advantages over spatially inexplicit "unit-world" approaches, which apply arbitrary dilution factors, in terms of predicting the location of exposure hotspots and the statistical distribution of concentrations. The latter can be employed in probabilistic risk assessments. Here the model was applied to predict surface water exposure to "downthe-drain" chemicals in China for different levels of sewage treatment provision.Predicted spatial patterns of concentration were consistent with observed water quality classes for China.Key Words: Global, Exposure, Chemical, Model, China Capsule AbstractA global-scale model was used to predict spatial patterns of "down-the-drain" chemical concentrations in China. Predictions were consistent with observed water quality classes, demonstrating the potential value of the model.3

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“…The model takes into consideration how land carbon dynamics are influenced by multiple environmental factors, both static ones such as soil texture and elevation, and dynamic ones such as CO 2 fertilization, climate change and variability, land-use change, and ozone pollution (Melillo et al 1993(Melillo et al , 2009McGuire et al 2001;Tian et al 2003;Felzer et al 2005). In this study, carbon dynamics are simulated for a mosaic of land-cover cohorts contained within each 0.5°latitude by 0.5°longitude grid cell.…”

Section: The Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (Tem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The legacy of past land-use change is considered in our study by using a disturbance cohort approach (Reilly et al 2012) to track the effects of land-use change and climate on terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes from 1700 to 2005. Starting from the potential vegetation map (Melillo et al 1993), cohorts within each half-degree grid cell are created or modified (divided) from 1700 to 2005 according to the timing and location of land conversions as derived from the annual land-use transition data of Hurtt et al (2006Hurtt et al ( , 2011.…”

Section: Land-use/land-cover History Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we combine databases of global protected areas (IUCN-UNEP 2009), climate (Mitchell et al 2004), and global land-use history (Hurtt et al 2006(Hurtt et al , 2011, with a global terrestrial biogeochemistry model (TEM) (Melillo et al 1993;McGuire et al 2001;Tian et al 2003) and an integrated earth system model (Prinn et al 1999;Melillo et al 2009;Reilly et al 2012) to estimate the role of protected areas as carbon sinks under the current climate and under projected future climate and land-conversion pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protected areas’ role in climate-change mitigation

Melillo

Lü

Kicklighter

et al. 2015

Ambio

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Globally, 15.5 million km 2 of land are currently identified as protected areas, which provide society with many ecosystem services including climate-change mitigation. Combining a global database of protected areas, a reconstruction of global land-use history, and a global biogeochemistry model, we estimate that protected areas currently sequester 0.5 Pg C annually, which is about one fifth of the carbon sequestered by all land ecosystems annually. Using an integrated earth systems model to generate climate and land-use scenarios for the twenty-first century, we project that rapid climate change, similar to high-end projections in IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, would cause the annual carbon sequestration rate in protected areas to drop to about 0.3 Pg C by 2100. For the scenario with both rapid climate change and extensive landuse change driven by population and economic pressures, 5.6 million km 2 of protected areas would be converted to other uses, and carbon sequestration in the remaining protected areas would drop to near zero by 2100.

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Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production

Cited by 1,753 publications

References 32 publications

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Protected areas’ role in climate-change mitigation

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