Global HIV-1 diversity surveillance

Aldrich, Cassandra; Hemelaar, Joris

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.06.004

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…HIV has extreme genetic variability due to high mutation and recombination rates caused by the reverse transcriptase enzyme [24]. HIV diversity impacts on virtually every aspect of the HIV pandemic, including disease progression and transmission, diagnosis and measurement of viral load, response to HAART, drug resistance, the immune response and vaccine development [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Remains Low in Guangxi, China, Eight Years after Scale-Up of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Li¹,

Liang

Harrison

et al. 2014

Intervirology

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Objectives: Highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was scaled up in Guangxi, China in 2005. The number of individuals receiving free HAART increased dramatically from June 2010 under the Guangxi Government's anti-HIV programme. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV-transmitted drug resistance (TDR) of Guangxi. Methods: HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive individuals were recruited from the east (Hezhou), south (Qinzhou), west (Baise), north (Guilin) and centre (Laibin) of Guangxi. The pol gene of the virus from the individuals was analysed. Results: The overall prevalence of HIV TDR was 3.2% (7/216, 95% CI 0.9-5.5). The prevalence rates in Baise, Guilin, Hezhou, Qinzhou and Laibin are 4.9% (2/41, 95% CI -1.7 to 11.5), 2.3% (1/44, 95% CI -2.1 to 5.7), 4.7% (2/43, 95% CI -1.6 to 11.0), 2.6% (1/38, 95% CI -2.5 to 7.7) and 2.0% (1/50, 95% CI -1.9 to 5.9), respectively. No significant difference in the prevalence was found among them. No factors were found to be associated with TDR, including CD4 cell counts, viral loads and genotypes. The subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC and B were found. Subtype CRF08_BC is the predominant subtype in Baise while CRF01_AE is the predominant subtype elsewhere in Guangxi. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDR in antiretroviral-naive patients in Guangxi remains low 8 years after scale-up of HAART.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Remains Low in Guangxi, China, Eight Years after Scale-Up of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Li¹,

Liang

Harrison

et al. 2014

Intervirology

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“…This is clearly mirrored by changing in the modes of transmission and evident drop in related morbidity and mortality [6, 7]. The trajectory of the AIDS epidemic has been broken in most regions, and sustainable solutions are implemented worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 subtypes among Libyan patients

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe epidemiological and clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes are of great interest worldwide. These subtypes are rarely studied in North African countries. Libya is a large country with the longest coast on the Mediterranean Sea, facing the Southern European countries. Studies on the characterization of HIV-1 subtypes are limited in Libya. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the HIV problem among the Libyan population and to better understand the genetic diversity and the epidemiologic dynamics of HIV 1, as well as to correlate that with the risk factors involved.MethodsA total of 159 HIV-1 strains were collected from 814 HIV positive patients from the four Libyan regions during a 16-year period (1995–2010). To determine the HIV-1 subtypes, genetic analysis and molecular sequencing were carried out using provirus polygene. Epidemiologic and demographic information was obtained from each participant and correlated with HIV-1 subtypes using logistic regression.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HIV among Libyans ranged from 5 to 10 per 100,000 during the study period. It was higher among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) (53.9%), blood recipients (25.9%) and heterosexuals (17.6%) than by vertical transmission (2.6%). Prevalence was higher among males aged 20–40 years (M:F 1:6, P > 0.001). Among the 159 strains of HIV-1 available for typing, 117 strains (73.6%) were subtype B, 29 (18.2%) were CRF02_AG, and 13 (8.2%) were subtype A. HIV-1 subtype B was the most prevalent all over the country, and it was more prevalent in the Northern region, particularly among IVDUs (P < 0.001). GRF02_AG was common in the Eastern region, particularly among blood recipients while subtype A emerged in the Western region, particularly among IVDUs.ConclusionsHIV-1 infection is emerging in Libya with a shifting prevalence of subtypes associated with the changing epidemiology of HIV-1 among risk groups. A genetic analysis of HIV-1 strains demonstrated low subtype heterogeneity with the evolution of subtype B, and CRF_20 AG, as well as HIV-1 subtype A. Our study highlights the importance of expanded surveillance programs to control HIV infection and the necessity of introducing public health strategies to target the risk groups, particularly IVDUs.

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“…HIV-1 genetic diversity could affect the performance of viral load assays [16–18], especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where non-B subtypes HIV-1 largely predominate [19]. The influence of HIV-1 genotypes was assessed (i) by the HIV-1 group and subtype limit of detection of various genotypes of HIV-1 contained in the 2nd WHO international reference panel and (ii) by the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in clinical samples containing broad diversity of HIV-1 group M subtypes with reference to the quantification by the CAP/CTM HIV-1 test v2.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Performances of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA-Based Amplix® Real-Time PCR Platform for HIV-1 RNA Quantification

Mossoro-Kpinde

Bouassa

Jenabian

et al. 2016

AIDS Research and Treatment

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Objectives. We evaluated the performances of Amplix real-time PCR platform developed by Biosynex (Strasbourg, France), combining automated station extraction (Amplix station 16 Dx) and real-time PCR (Amplix NG), for quantifying plasma HIV-1 RNA by lyophilized HIV-1 RNA-based Amplix reagents targeting gag and LTR, using samples from HIV-1-infected adults from Central African Republic. Results. Amplix real-time PCR assay showed low limit of detection (28 copies/mL), across wide dynamic range (1.4–10 log copies/mL), 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity, high reproducibility, and accuracy with mean bias < 5%. The assay showed excellent correlations and concordance of 95.3% with the reference HIV-1 RNA load assay (Roche), with mean absolute bias of +0.097 log copies/mL by Bland-Altman analysis. The assay was able to detect and quantify the most prevalent HIV-1 subtype strains and the majority of non-B subtypes, CRFs of HIV-1 group M, and HIV-1 groups N and O circulating in Central Africa. The Amplix assay showed 100% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity to diagnose virological failure in clinical samples from antiretroviral drug-experienced patients. Conclusions. The HIV-1 RNA-based Amplix real-time PCR platform constitutes sensitive and reliable system for clinical monitoring of HIV-1 RNA load in HIV-1-infected children and adults, particularly adapted to intermediate laboratory facilities in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Global HIV-1 diversity surveillance

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Remains Low in Guangxi, China, Eight Years after Scale-Up of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Remains Low in Guangxi, China, Eight Years after Scale-Up of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 subtypes among Libyan patients

Analytical Performances of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA-Based Amplix® Real-Time PCR Platform for HIV-1 RNA Quantification

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