Global spatio-temporal variations and metallogenic diversity of karst bauxites and their tectonic, paleogeographic and paleoclimatic relationship with the Tethyan realm evolution

Yang, Shujuan; Wang, Qingfei; Liu, Xuefei; Kan, Ziyan; Santosh, M.; Deng, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104184

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Bauxite deposits in China are dominated by the karst type and mainly of Carboniferous and Permian age found in the Guizhou, Guangxi, Shanxi, Henan Provinces, etc. (Deng et al., 2010; Q. Wang et al., 2020; S. Yang et al., 2022; Yu et al., 2019). Karst bauxites from China (especially central Guizhou bauxite) generally have much lower Fe 2 O 3 contents (<2 wt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Loss During Continental Weathering in the Early Carboniferous Period Recorded by Karst Bauxites

et al. 2023

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Significant iron (Fe) loss can occur during continental weathering and efflux to the ocean via runoff, historically affecting global Fe cycling and marine ecosystems. Here, we report extremely low Fe content in early Carboniferous (ca. 340 Ma) bauxites in southwestern China. These bauxites were formed by redeposition of terrestrial soils along the paleo‐continental margin of the western South China Plate in warm climates. The bauxites contain high δ56Fe (−0.17‰ to +1.15‰) values with a negative correlation between Fe2O3 and δ56Fe, indicating that a substantial amount of Fe(III) was reduced to isotopically light dissolved Fe(II) and effuxed to the ocean via reductive dissolution under anoxic conditions. The low Corg content and low FeHR/FeT, Mo/Al, U/Al, and V/Al ratios of bauxite suggest that this reduction process occurred during the pedogenic (continental weathering) rather than the depositional/diagenetic stage of karst bauxite formation. Most of the dissolved Fe(II) were rapidly re‐oxidized to Fe(III) and transported toward the paleo‐continental margin forming iron ores with δ56Fe values around zero (−0.13‰ to +0.16‰). The negative correlation between Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents in global karst bauxites suggests common Fe loss processes during continental weathering in geological periods favoring karst bauxite formation, such as during the Carboniferous, Permian, and Cretaceous periods and the Cenozoic era. Karst bauxite may thus provide a record of Fe loss during continental weathering and act as an indicator of enhanced Fe flux to oceans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bauxite deposits in China are dominated by the karst type and mainly of Carboniferous and Permian age found in the Guizhou, Guangxi, Shanxi, Henan Provinces, etc. (Deng et al, 2010;S. Yang et al, 2022;Yu et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Iron Loss During Continental Weathering in the Early Carboniferous Period Recorded by Karst Bauxites

et al. 2023

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“…The metallogenic peak in Central Asia coincided with the closing of the Paleotethys Ocean and the opening of the Neotethys Ocean (Figure 5d). The subduction of the oceanic crust induced extension on the margin of the connected continental lithosphere (i.e., the Iran Block), resulting in isolated carbonate platforms and providing bedrock conditions for the formation of bauxite (Yang et al., 2022). Due to the impact of global sea level change and the emergence of the forebulge in the foreland basin, carbonate platforms were exposed (Khosravi et al., 2021; Wilmsen et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combes and Bardossy (1995) undertook a systematic study of pan‐Mediterranean bauxite in the TMD, which was one of the earliest studies that concentrated on Tethyan bauxites. Recently, some researchers have attempted to explain the spatio‐temporal distribution of Tethyan bauxite in relation to their geodynamic and paleoclimatic settings (Yang et al., 2022; Yu et al., 2019). However, due to the scarcity of geochemical data from these bauxite deposits, a fuller understanding of the coevolution between the formation of bauxite deposits and TMD is hindered by conceptual tectonic or paleoclimate models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance and Tectonic Evolution of Bauxite Deposits in the Tethys: Perspective From Random Forest and Logistic Regression Analyses

Zhou

Wei

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Bauxitic deposits and bauxitic clays may also address broader paleogeographic issues in ancient geological settings (Abedini, Mongelli, et al, 2020; Retallack, 2010; Yang et al, 2022). Most of bauxitic deposits worldwide were formed mainly during the Late Paleozoic, the Middle to Late Cretaceous, and the Middle to Late Cenozoic, as a consequence of favourable climatic and tectonic conditions (Meyer, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation and evolution of Al‐rich protoliths in the southern Ribeira belt, Brazil: Insights from remnants of a Precambrian paleoweathering surface

Santos,

Fedalto,

Bahniuk

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Bauxitic clays, clayey bauxites and bauxites are residual products formed from the weathering of aluminosilicate‐rich parent rocks under wet and warm conditions. These deposits show a complex interplay between remobilisation of pre‐existing kaolinitic soils and depositional micro‐environments.In the southern Ribeira belt, Brazil, a paleoweathering surface developed on the continental shelf of the Capiru Group passive margin strata and on its basement/source rocks. This weathering cycle gave rise to a paleosol profile on the continental domain and a karstic paleotopography on the emerged carbonate shelf. The surface and karstic nets were later caped and filled with Al‐rich materials, typical of remobilised soils, bauxitic clays, clayey bauxites and pods of karst‐type bauxites.The age of the disconformity is Pre‐Brazilian/Pan‐African, implying a Neoproterozoic age for the weathering surface. In this study, we investigate the relationship among disconformities, paleosols and karst topography to better understand the stratigraphic control, chemical composition and mineralogy of the Al‐rich materials. We interpret this horizon as the remnants of a (meta‐)paleoweathering surface that can serve as a valuable key bed for stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic reconstructions.We propose that the triggering process for the genesis of the paleosol profiles, bauxitic material and bauxite pods was a coupled mechanism between favourable climate and uplift along the northern margin of the Curitiba–Angola craton, creating a karstic topography that allowed the down‐plain transport of Al‐rich materials. In a later stage, these deposits were metamorphosed, developing a series of Al silicates in unusual paragenesis, typical of Al‐rich protoliths.The presence of these paragenesis, along with the recognition of the disconformity–paleoweathering surface pair, could be a useful tool to understand the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic evolution of highly deformed terrains.

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Global spatio-temporal variations and metallogenic diversity of karst bauxites and their tectonic, paleogeographic and paleoclimatic relationship with the Tethyan realm evolution

Cited by 28 publications

References 140 publications

Iron Loss During Continental Weathering in the Early Carboniferous Period Recorded by Karst Bauxites

Iron Loss During Continental Weathering in the Early Carboniferous Period Recorded by Karst Bauxites

Provenance and Tectonic Evolution of Bauxite Deposits in the Tethys: Perspective From Random Forest and Logistic Regression Analyses

The formation and evolution of Al‐rich protoliths in the southern Ribeira belt, Brazil: Insights from remnants of a Precambrian paleoweathering surface

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