Glucagon Antibodies and an Immunoassay for Glucagon*

Unger, Roger H; Eisentraut, Anna M.; McCall, Mary Sue; Madison, Leonard L.

doi:10.1172/jci104357

Cited by 280 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The development of the insulin RIA introduced an unprecedented degree of specificity and sensitivity for the measurement of insulin [21], and was soon followed by a glucagon RIA [22]. The existence of larger molecular weight species of glucagon-like immunoreactivity of extrapancreatic origin made quantification of pancreatic glucagon difficult until specific antisera such as 30 K allowed the development of sensitive and specific assays for the 3,500 molecular weight species [23].…”

Section: Clinical Measures Of Alpha Cell Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha cell function in health and disease: influence of glucagon-like peptide-1

Dunning¹,

2005

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Although there is abundant evidence that hyperglucagonaemia plays a key role in the development of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, efforts to understand and correct this abnormality have been overshadowed by the emphasis on insulin secretion and action. However, recognition that the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exerts opposing effects on glucagon and insulin secretion has revived interest in glucagon, the neglected partner of insulin, in the bihormonal hypothesis. In healthy subjects, glucagon secretion is regulated by a variety of nutrient, neural and hormonal factors, the most important of which is glucose. The defect in alpha cell function that occurs in type 2 diabetes reflects impaired glucose sensing. GLP-1 inhibits glucagon secretion in vitro and in vivo in experimental animals, and suppresses glucagon release in a glucose-dependent manner in healthy subjects. This effect is also evident in diabetic patients, but GLP-1 does not inhibit glucagon release in response to hypoglycaemia, and may even enhance it. Early clinical studies with agents acting through GLP-1 signalling mechanisms (e.g. exenatide, liraglutide and vildagliptin) suggest that GLP-1 can improve alpha cell glucose sensing in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therapeutic approaches based around GLP-1 have the potential to improve both alpha cell and beta cell function, and could be of benefit in patients with a broad range of metabolic disorders.

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Section: Clinical Measures Of Alpha Cell Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha cell function in health and disease: influence of glucagon-like peptide-1

Dunning¹,

2005

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“…Thereafter the existence of glucagon-like materials in the stomach and the small intestine of several species was confirmed immunologically by Unger et al(1961 and1966). Later on, cells to secrete glucagon-like immunoreactive materials (GLI) have been domonstrated in the canine stomach and intestine (Polak et al, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Insulin releasing activity of gastrointestinal glucagon-like immunoreactive materials in perfused rat pancreas.

et al. 1977

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“…Recently, however, several publications have been devoted to A-cell morphology and secretory cycle (1), and to the still controversial distinction between several A-cell types (2). Furthermore, with the availability of the immunoassay procedures for glucagon (3), dynamic studies of glucagon secretion have become possible. The suggestion has been made that glucagon not only opposes insulin action but also favors it through stimulation of insulin release (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%