Glucose control of basal insulin secretion in diabetes

McCarthy, S. T.; Harris, E.; Turner, R. Elaine

doi:10.1007/bf00745134

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, these studies investigated oral food administration, while our study II bypassed the gastrointestinal system. For the slow intervalled rate of intake, we observed an increase in blood plasma glucose level followed by a slow decrease in glucose level as described in the literature (McCarthy et al, 1977). This time course can be easily explained by the low insulin release elicited by the small ingested amounts during the slow intervalled rate of intake condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Effects of a Normal Rate versus a Slow Intervalled Rate of Oral Nutrient Intake and Intravenous Low Rate Macronutrient Application on Psychophysical Function – Two Pilot Studies

et al. 2017

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Stomach distension and energy per time are factors influencing satiety. Moreover, different rates of nutrient intake induce different stomach distension. The goal of our studies was to elucidate the influence of different oral rates of nutrient intake (normal rate versus slow intervalled rate; study I) and intravenous low rate macronutrient application (protein, carbohydrate, fat) or placebo (study II) on psychophysical function. The pilot studies investigated the effects of 1) study I: a mixed nutrient solution (1/3 protein, 1/3 fat, 1/3 carbohydrates) 2) study II: intravenous macronutrient infusions (protein, carbohydrate, fat) or placebo on psychophysical function (mood, hunger, food craving, alertness, smell intensity ratings and hedonic ratings) in human subjects. In study I 10 male subjects (age range: 21–30 years) completed the study protocol participating in both test conditions and in study II 20 male subjects (age range: 19–41 years) completed the study protocol participating in all test conditions. Additionally, metabolic function was analyzed and cognitive and olfactory tests were conducted twice starting 100 min before the beginning of the intervention and 240 min after. Psychophysical (mood, hunger, fat-, protein-, carbohydrate-, sweets- and vegetable-craving), alertness and metabolic function tests were performed seven times on each examination day. Greater effects on hunger and food cravings were observed for normal rate of intake compared to slow intervalled rate of intake and intravenous low rate macronutrient application. Our findings potentially confirm that volume of the food ingested and a higher rate of energy per time contribute to satiety during normal rate of food intake, while slow intervalled rate of food intake and intravenous low rate macronutrient application showed no effects on satiation. Our results motivate the view that a certain amount of volume of the food ingested and a certain energy per time ratio are necessary to reduce hunger and food craving.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Effects of a Normal Rate versus a Slow Intervalled Rate of Oral Nutrient Intake and Intravenous Low Rate Macronutrient Application on Psychophysical Function – Two Pilot Studies

et al. 2017

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“…The fasting plasma insulin concentration is largely determined by the glucose concentration [3] and the basal hyperglycaemia in diabetes appears to arise from the feedback loop between the liver and/3-cells, thereby maintaining an effective insulin action in the liver and at the periphery [1,4]. The degree of basal hyperglycaemia is thus determined by a combination of/3-cell deficiency and insulin resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and ?-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man

et al. 1985

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Summary.The steady-state basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are determined by their interaction in a feedback loop. A computer-solved model has been used to predict the homeostatic concentrations which arise from Varying degrees of/3-cell deficiency and insulin resistance. Comparison of a patient's fasting values with the model's predictions allows a quantitative assessment of the contributions of insulin resistance and deficient r-cell function to the fasting hyperglycaemia (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA). The accuracy and precision of the estimate have been determined by comparison with independent measures of insulin resistance and /3-cell function using hyperglycaemic and euglycaemic clamps and an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The estimate of insulin resistance obtained by homeostasis model assessment correlated with estimates obtained by use of the euglycaemic clamp (R~=0.88, p<0.0001), the fasting insulin concentration (P~ = 0.81, p < 0.0001), and the hyperglycaemic clamp, (Rs=0.69,p< 0.01). There was no correlation with any aspect of insulin-receptor binding. The estimate of deficient/3-cell function obtained by homeostasis model assessment correlated with that derived using the hyperglycaemic clamp (R~ = 0.61, p< 0.01) and with the estimate from the intravenous glucose tolerance test (R~ = 0.64, p < 0.05). The low precision of the estimates from the model (coefficients of variation: 31% for insulin resistance and 32% for/3-cell deficit) limits its use, but the correlation of the model's estimates with patient data accords with the hypothesis that basal glucose and insulin interactions are largely determined by a simple feed back loop.

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“…9 If the plasma glucose level is reduced to normal values, then the peripheral basal plasma insulin concentration in these diabetic patients becomes subnormal. 10 We have, therefore, postulated that the raised basal plasma glucose concentration is required to stimulate nearnormal portal basal plasma insulin levels from a reduced insulin secretory capacity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Basal Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Maturity-Onset Diabetes

Holman

Turner

1979

Diabetes

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Normal and mildly diabetic subjects each have their own "set" of basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Diabetic patients have raised basal plasma glucose, with low-normal basal plasma C-peptide concentrations. Restoring normal glucose levels in mild diabetes by an insulin infusion further reduces the C-peptide concentration, but both the plasma glucose and the C-peptide return to their "set" level when the insulin is withdrawn. These results accord with the action of beta cells and liver in a negative feedback loop that maintains basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.

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Glucose control of basal insulin secretion in diabetes

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

The Effects of a Normal Rate versus a Slow Intervalled Rate of Oral Nutrient Intake and Intravenous Low Rate Macronutrient Application on Psychophysical Function – Two Pilot Studies

The Effects of a Normal Rate versus a Slow Intervalled Rate of Oral Nutrient Intake and Intravenous Low Rate Macronutrient Application on Psychophysical Function – Two Pilot Studies

Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and ?-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man

Maintenance of Basal Plasma Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Maturity-Onset Diabetes

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