“…Therefore, high-Z elements such as gold (Xia et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020a), silver (He et al, 2020;Khochaiche et al, 2021), platinum (Luo et al, 2020) and other nanoparticles (Deng et al, 2018) have been extensively explored as radiosensitizers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is abundent in hydrogen peroxide (Balkwill et al, 2012;Taddei et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2017;Lyu et al, 2020b). Thus, nanoparticles containing manganese dioxide which could catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen was used for alleviating hypoxia in tumors regions (Abbasi et al, 2016;Yi et al, 2016) and hence fix the DSBs in cells after radiotherapy.…”