Glycine betaine rather than acting only as an osmolyte also plays a role as regulator in cellular metabolism

Figueroa‐Soto, Ciria G.; Valenzuela‐Soto, Elisa M.

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2018.01.002

Cited by 99 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Among the observed changes, betaine was the only metabolite that was decreased, both in the plasma and in the liver of OB sows. Betaine has been traditionally considered an osmolyte and a methyl donor; however, recent reports highlight its importance in the regulation of systemic bioenergetics and metabolism [10]. Similarly, to our observations, lower serum betaine levels in humans are associated with increased adiposity indices in a dose-dependent manner [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Homocysteine is regenerated from methionine through the successive synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and back to homocysteine. The conversion of SAM to SAH can be catalyzed by several enzymes, involving glycine and choline derivatives [10,13,17]. Ultimately, lower betaine, choline, and/or glycine concentrations might prevent the methylation of homocysteine to methionine, resulting in the accumulation of the former.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Obesity Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of a Leptin-Resistant Swine Model

et al. 2020

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Identifying metabolite signatures associated with obesity and related diseases might represent a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool to predict subjects at risk, establish an accurate prognosis, and monitor treatment success. The current cross-sectional study is aimed to evaluate the metabolite profile of diet-induced obesity in a porcine model of leptin resistance. Six Iberian female pigs prone to develop obesity (OB) were ad libitum fed a fat-enriched diet (HFD) for 82 days. Five lean Iberian sows (CON) in a maintenance diet served as controls. At the end of the dietary treatments, all animals were sacrificed, and plasma, liver, and muscle samples were immediately collected for nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. In plasma, signals corresponding to betaine, glycerophosphocholine/phosphocholine, glycine, and glutamate were decreased; and the valine signal was increased in OB sows compared to controls. Similarly, the betaine signal was decreased in the liver. No differences were detected in muscle. The observed metabolite changes suggest alterations in branched chain amino-acid metabolism and the methionine-homocysteine cycle, which have been previously associated with obesity-related diseases and type 2 diabetes in human observational studies. The current study supports the utilization of the leptin resistant Iberian pig for further interventional research in the field.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Study of Obesity Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of a Leptin-Resistant Swine Model

et al. 2020

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“…This indicated that the effect of proline and glycine was more evident with high salinity. Proline and glycine are the main compatible solute of Gram-positive bacteria in hypertonic environments 23 . Proline is a major osmoprotectant in certain Gram-positive bacteria, which enhances the cell ability to withstand high osmotic pressure environments 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of two salt-tolerant strains from activated sludge and its COD degradation characteristics from saline organic wastewater

Zhou

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The efficient biological treatment of saline wastewater has been limited by the low activities of microorganisms under saline conditions. High salinity poses unbalance osmotic stress across the cell wall and even leads to cell plasmolysis. In this work, we aim to isolate salt-tolerant bacterial strains from activated sludge, and apply them for degrading chemical oxygen demand (COD) of saline organic wastewater. Two salt-tolerant strains were screened and isolated from activated sludge, which was domesticated with salty water for over 300 days. The two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (strain A) and Bacillus anthracis (strain B) through 16S rRNA sequencing. The degradation characteristics of strain A were explored. The results showed the relative membrane permeability of strain A remained stable under high salt stress, which glycine and proline play an important role to maintain cell osmotic. The protein and soluble sugar amounts of strain were increased by higher salt concentrations. In simulating saline wastewater, the optimum culture temperature, pH, salinity, influent COD concentration and inoculation amount of strain A were 35 °C, 9, 4%, 8000 mg L−1, 6%, respectively. Optimal conditions could provide guidance for the treatment of practical saline wastewater. The linear regression model of each impact factor built based on the result PB experiment revealed that cross-linking time has the most significant influence on COD removal for salt-tolerant strains. It will provide theoretical basis for biological treatment of saline organic wastewater.

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“…For example, to overcome dramatic changes in osmolarity (the concentration of a solution) or osmotic stress, they harboured the glycerol uptake protein facilitator (glpF) reported to play a pivotal role in glycerol efflux and influx during hyperosmotic conditions [77]. They also possessed the osmoprotectant, Choline-glycine betaine uptake and biosynthesis system, which operates the feedback mechanism via the up-and down-regulation of both molecules (choline and glycine betaine) to control high salt stress in the micro-environment [78,79]. Additionally, both choline and glycine betaine can serve as sources of carbon and nitrogen for the strains to grow and survive in a variety of niches [78,79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also possessed the osmoprotectant, Choline-glycine betaine uptake and biosynthesis system, which operates the feedback mechanism via the up-and down-regulation of both molecules (choline and glycine betaine) to control high salt stress in the micro-environment [78,79]. Additionally, both choline and glycine betaine can serve as sources of carbon and nitrogen for the strains to grow and survive in a variety of niches [78,79]. For oxidative stress response, the clone contained super-oxidase dismutase, reductase and peroxidase enzymes that break harmful products by neutralizing them before they cause damage to essential cellular components, including DNA, membrane lipids and proteins [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Mining and Comparative Pathogenomic Analysis of An Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), Isolated in South Africa

et al. 2019

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This study undertook genome mining and comparative genomics to gain genetic insights into the dominance of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endemic clone ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), obtained from the poultry food chain in South Africa. Functional annotation of the genome revealed a vast array of similar central metabolic, cellular and biochemical networks within the endemic clone crucial for its survival in the microbial community. In-silico analysis of the clone revealed the possession of uniform defense systems, restriction-modification system (type I and IV), accessory gene regulator (type I), arginine catabolic mobile element (type II), and type 1 clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)Cas array (N = 7 ± 1), which offer protection against exogenous attacks. The estimated pathogenic potential predicted a higher probability (average Pscore ≈ 0.927) of the clone being pathogenic to its host. The clone carried a battery of putative virulence determinants whose expression are critical for establishing infection. However, there was a slight difference in their possession of adherence factors (biofilm operon system) and toxins (hemolysins and enterotoxins). Further analysis revealed a conserved environmental tolerance and persistence mechanisms related to stress (oxidative and osmotic), heat shock, sporulation, bacteriocins, and detoxification, which enable it to withstand lethal threats and contribute to its success in diverse ecological niches. Phylogenomic analysis with close sister lineages revealed that the clone was closely related to the MRSA isolate SHV713 from Australia. The results of this bioinformatic analysis provide valuable insights into the biology of this endemic clone.

show abstract

Glycine betaine rather than acting only as an osmolyte also plays a role as regulator in cellular metabolism

Cited by 99 publications

References 124 publications

A Cross-Sectional Study of Obesity Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of a Leptin-Resistant Swine Model

A Cross-Sectional Study of Obesity Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of a Leptin-Resistant Swine Model

Isolation of two salt-tolerant strains from activated sludge and its COD degradation characteristics from saline organic wastewater

Genome Mining and Comparative Pathogenomic Analysis of An Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), Isolated in South Africa

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