“…In association panels, characteristics such as LD, genetic diversity, marker density, and population structure affect the resolution and accuracy of QTL detected via GWAS (Sonah et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2022). In recent years, GWAS have not only been applied to different populations to identify QTL associated with PC in soybean (Sonah et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019;Zhang T et al, 2019), but have also been applied to analyze other complex quantitative traits such as oil content, salt stress tolerance, agronomic traits, and yieldrelated traits (Hwang et al, 2014;Fang et al, 2017;Zhang W et al, 2019;Pang et al, 2020).…”