Development of wearable sensing platforms
is essential for the
advancement of continuous health monitoring and point-of-care testing.
Eccrine sweat pH is an analyte that can be noninvasively measured
and used to diagnose and aid in monitoring a wide range of physiological
conditions. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers a rapid,
optical technique for fingerprinting of biomarkers present in sweat.
In this paper, a mechanically flexible, nanofibrous, SERS-active substrate
was fabricated by a combination of electrospinning of thermoplastic
polyurethane (TPU) and Au sputter coating. This substrate was then
investigated for suitability toward wearable sweat pH sensing after
functionalization with two commonly used pH-responsive molecules,
4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), and 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPy). The
developed SERS pH sensor was found to have good resolution (0.14 pH
units for 4-MBA; 0.51 pH units for 4-MPy), with only 1 μL of
sweat required for a measurement, and displayed no statistically significant
difference in performance after 35 days (p = 0.361).
Additionally, the Au/TPU nanofibrous SERS pH sensors showed fast sweat-absorbing
ability as well as good repeatability and reversibility. The proposed
methodology offers a facile route for the fabrication of SERS substrates
which could also be used to measure a wide range of health biomarkers
beyond sweat pH.