Gone with the currents: lack of genetic differentiation at the circum-continental scale in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba

Bortolotto, Erica; Bucklin, Ann; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Zane, Lorenzo; Patarnello, Tomaso

doi:10.1186/1471-2156-12-32

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Krill distributions in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors are more closely associated with continental shelves, (e.g., Jarvis et al, 2010;Piñones et al, 2016). Recent results indicate that Antarctic krill are genetically relatively homogeneous at large geographic scales, thus supporting the notion that dispersal by circumpolar currents prevents genetic differentiation in Antarctic zooplankton (Bortolotto et al, 2011).…”

Section: Impacts Of Advection On Zooplankton In the Antarcticsupporting

confidence: 51%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

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Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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Section: Impacts Of Advection On Zooplankton In the Antarcticsupporting

confidence: 51%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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“…Similarly, the overall low genetic diversity and the 382 presence of the same common haplotype C1 in every population from the Chilean coast to the 383 Falkland Islands seems to support the hypothesis of persistence in a single glacial refugium 384 followed by a massive demographic expansion over 2500 km. Such a pattern of genetic 385 homogeneity over a broad geographical range has usually been related to high dispersal 386 potential (Bortolotto et al 2011;González-Wevar et al 2012b). The scenario of rapid 387 recolonization leading to the presence of only one haplotype over thousands of kilometers of 388 coast is, however, difficult to envision for G. skottsbergii.…”

Section: Results 259mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep genetic divergence between austral populations of the red alga Gigartina skottsbergii reveals a cryptic species endemic to the Antarctic continent

et al. 2015

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Deep genetic divergence between austral populations of the red alga Gigartina skottsbergii reveals a cryptic species endemic to the Antarctic continent. Polar Biology, Springer Verlag, 2015, 38 (12), pp.2021-2034 periods and the existence of dispersal barrier due to the ACC. On both sides of the ACC, the 33 last Quaternary glaciations have induced strong bottlenecks that were followed by rapid 34 colonization events. 35Click here to download Manuscript: POBI-D-14-00293_revised-ms.docx Click here to view linked

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“…Even though areas of high and low krill abundance are interspersed, krill stocks are considered to mix over large areas Bortolotto et al 2011). This is, firstly, because adult krill migrate and second, because krill life stages are transported by ocean currents and drifting sea ice, which interconnect Southern Ocean regions ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is, firstly, because adult krill migrate and second, because krill life stages are transported by ocean currents and drifting sea ice, which interconnect Southern Ocean regions ). Population genetic analyses on E. superba have found high levels of genetic diversity, but no evidence of significant genetic structure even across large geographic scales (Bortolotto et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Feeding and overwintering of Antarctic krill across its major habitats: The role of sea ice cover, water depth, and phytoplankton abundance

Schmidt

Atkinson

Pond

et al. 2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were sampled in contrasting habitats: a seasonally ice-covered deep ocean (Lazarev Sea), ice-free shelves at their northern range (South Georgia) and the Antarctic Peninsula (Bransfield Strait), and shelf and oceanic sites in the Scotia Sea. Across 92 stations, representing a year-round average, the food volume in krill stomachs comprised 71 6 29% algae, 17 6 21% protozoans, and 12 6 25% metazoans. Fatty acid trophic markers showed that copepods were consistently part of krill diet, not a switch food. In open waters, both diatom and copepod consumption increased with phytoplankton abundance. Under sea ice, ingestion of diatoms became rare, whereas feeding on copepods remained constant. During winter, larvae contained high but variable proportions of diatom markers, whereas in postlarvae the role of copepods increased with krill body length. Overwintering differed according to habitat. Krill from South Georgia had lower lipid stores than those from the Bransfield Strait or Lazarev Sea. Feeding effort was much reduced in Lazarev Sea krill, whereas most individuals from the Bransfield Strait and South Georgia contained phytoplankton and seabed detritus in their stomachs. Their retention of essential body reserves indicates that krill experienced most winter hardship in the Lazarev Sea, followed by South Georgia and then Bransfield Strait. This was reflected in the delayed development from juveniles to adults in the Lazarev Sea. Circumpolar comparisons of length frequencies suggest that krill growth conditions are more favorable in the southwest Atlantic than in the Lazarev Sea or off East Antarctica because of longer phytoplankton bloom periods and rewarding access to benthic food.

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Gone with the currents: lack of genetic differentiation at the circum-continental scale in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba

Cited by 55 publications

References 86 publications

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Deep genetic divergence between austral populations of the red alga Gigartina skottsbergii reveals a cryptic species endemic to the Antarctic continent

Feeding and overwintering of Antarctic krill across its major habitats: The role of sea ice cover, water depth, and phytoplankton abundance

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