Gouverner par la communauté de quartier ( shequ ) en Chine

Abstract

Cet article étudie le statut et le travail quotidien des agents du comité de résidents à Pékin dans le cadre de la politique de construction des communautés de quartier ( shequ jianshe ). Il explique comment des normes administratives pénètrent une « organisation autonome de base des masses ». L’approche ethnographique analyse la subjectivation des agents des comités de résidents, responsables envers l’administration tout en devant dynamiser la participation locale. Ce rôle ambigu entretient la faible valorisation de l’emploi et sa précarité. Dans ce contexte, les agents inventent des savoir-faire variés, notamment dans le travail social, si bien que la bureaucratisation participante des comités ne débouche pas sur une crise de l’identité des agents ni sur une crise de la gestion locale.

From Village Commons to Public Goods

“…32 Once a village becomes an urban jurisdiction, its commi ees are replaced by residents' commi ees (juweihui), which, however, have much less say in their community's aff airs as community management falls to the new shequ offi ce. Communities (shequ) are the lowest level of governance in urban China, with a hybrid position at the intersection of administrative power and civil society organizations (Derleth and Koldyk 2004;Ngeow 2011;Heberer and Göbel 2013;Audin 2017). They are governed by the higher-level subdistrict ("street") offi ce (jiedao banshichu), which is under the jurisdiction of the district (qu), itself directly answering to the city administration (shi).…”

“…Following the principle of guanban fenli, the separation of government and management, they are tasked with handling grassroots aff airs and executing (ban) orders from the higher administrative levels that supervise and govern (guan). In practice, residents tend to view community workers as part of the party-state, and indeed community centers function as parastatal organizations whose key functionaries are party members appointed by subdistrict and district offi ces (Audin 2015). 6 Even though some appointees may be native villagers, state and party supervision is close.…”

Exploring Two Decades of Research in Community Resilience: A Content Analysis Across the International Literature

“…However, the community in China generally emphasizes the regional community. 47 Under the different perceptions of community, CR in different countries has different contextual meanings. It is essential to conduct the CR research in regions based on a specific cultural context, but it is still meaningful to conduct the research from a comparative perspective to promote CR research.…”

La mobilisation sanitaire des pouvoirs publics locaux : le cas de la ville de Wuhan

“…Par exemple, la ville de Wuhan compte 13 districts, 156 sous-districts et 1 316 communautés de quartier. Pour des analyses approfondies sur les communautés de quartier comme unités de gouvernement de la population urbaine en Chine, voir Bray (2006) et Audin (2015).…”