Grain-refining of wire arc additive manufactured aluminum alloy with Nb powder addition

Zhou, Siyu; Wu, Ke; Yang, Guang; Deng, Fangbin; Hou, Ning; Qin, Likang; Wei, Wenyi

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/abe6d5

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since a lower gas flow rate leads to reduced convective cooling, the melt pool remains as a liquid for a longer period allowing trapped gas in the melt pool to escape, thus reducing porosity. Zhou et al [53] mixed Nb powder with a mean particle size of 15 μm to the molten pool during WAAM of 5B06 aluminium part. It was observed that fine equiaxed grains with a mean size of lesser than 50 μm were attained.…”

Section: D-printing Of Aluminium Components By Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 To produce highly valued parts using WAAM technology, aluminium can be further alloyed with other alloying elements to improve its processabilities and mechanical performance [50]. As for the tensile strength, Table 4 reveals that some Al alloys like Al-Zn-Mg [55], Al3Nb [53], Al-Cu [35], Al-Mg-Mn [32], Al-Mg-Sc [67], Al-Mg-Si [12], Al 5183 [70] exhibited a high tensile strength of about 324, 360, 450, 344, 363, 354.5, and 293 MPa, respectively. As presented in Table 4, the yield strength of the selected WAAM Al alloys such as Al-Zn-Mg [55], Al-Mg-Mn [32], Al-Mg-Sc [67], Al-Cu [35], and Al-Mg-Si [12] indicated a high yield strength of 208, 240, 258, 305, 310 MPa respectively, while Al3Nb [53], Al 5183 [70], Al-Mg-Sc [67], Al-Mg [62], and Al 5356 [25] showed appreciable elongation of 20%, 20%, 26%, 27%, and 33%, respectively.…”

Section: D-printing Of Aluminium Components By Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys for aerospace and automotive applications: A review

Omiyale

Olugbade

Abioye

et al. 2022

Materials Science and Technology

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable for printing medium-to-large complex parts with structural integrity while reducing material wastage, and lead time, improving the quality and customized design for functional components. Aluminium alloys are one of the most commonly used metallic materials in manufacturing parts for aerospace and automotive applications due to their lightweight, excellent strength, and corrosion resistance properties. Aluminium alloys have been employed in the WAAM process to produce parts for the aerospace and automotive industries. In this paper, various research works associated with the application of WAAM of aluminium alloys for aerospace and automotive industries, their metallurgical characteristics, and mechanical properties have been reviewed and discussed in detail to identify the research gap and future research directions. This paper is patterned to provide a comprehensive review of WAAM of aluminium alloys for the production of parts in the aerospace and automotive industries. Abbreviations: AM: Additive manufacturing; Al: Aluminium; Bi: Bismuth; BIW: Body in white; CNC: Computer numerical machines; CMT: Cold metal transfer; CNN: Convolutional neural networks; CL: Curved layer; DE-GMAAM: Double-electrode gas metal arc additive manufacturing; DWAAM: Double wire arc additive manufacturing; DMD: Direct metal deposition; DMLS: Direct metal laser sintering; DED-arc: Directed energy deposition arc; 3D: Three-dimensional; EAC: Environmentally assisted cracking; EBM: Electron beam melting; FCI: Fatigue crack initiation; Fe: Iron; GTAW: Gas tungsten arc welding; GMAW: Gas metal arc welding; HE: Hydrogen embrittlement; HAZ: Heat-affected zone; HWAAM: Hot wire arc additive manufacturing; IISCC: Irradiation induced stress corrosion cracking; Li: Lithium; Mg: Magnesium; Mn: Manganese; Ni: Nickel; OL: Online cooling; Pb: Lead; PAW: Plasma arc welding; RS: Robotic system; SCC: Stress corrosion cracking; SLM: Selective laser melting; SCG: Short crack growth; SLC: Super light car; Si: Silicon; Ti: Titanium; Zr: Zirconium

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Section: D-printing Of Aluminium Components By Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D-printing Of Aluminium Components By Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys for aerospace and automotive applications: A review

Omiyale

Olugbade

Abioye

et al. 2022

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Niobium provides a similar effect as Ti in terms of grain refinement. The formation of the Al

Nb phase significantly refined the WAAM microstructure of an Al-6Mg alloy [ 174 ]. A coarse columnar was changed to a fine equiaxed structure, which increased the ultimate tensile strength by 58

.…”

Section: Aluminum Alloys For Waammentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2021

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Processing of aluminum alloys by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) gained significant attention from industry and academia in the last decade. With the possibility to create large and relatively complex parts at low investment and operational expenses, WAAM is well-suited for implementation in a range of industries. The process nature involves fusion melting of a feedstock wire by an electric arc where metal droplets are strategically deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to create the final shape. The inherent fusion and solidification characteristics in WAAM are governing several aspects of the final material, herein process-related defects such as porosity and cracking, microstructure, properties, and performance. Coupled to all mentioned aspects is the alloy composition, which at present is highly restricted for WAAM of aluminum but received considerable attention in later years. This review article describes common quality issues related to WAAM of aluminum, i.e., porosity, residual stresses, and cracking. Measures to combat these challenges are further outlined, with special attention to the alloy composition. The state-of-the-art of aluminum alloy selection and measures to further enhance the performance of aluminum WAAM materials are presented. Strategies for further development of new alloys are discussed, with attention on the importance of reducing crack susceptibility and grain refinement.

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“…Zhou et al [11] on the other hand, added Nb particles with an average diameter of 15 µm mixed with ethanol to an 5000 aluminium alloy wire surface when temperature was higher than 150 ºC to ensure ethanol complete evaporation. The Nb reduced grain size signi cantly from 300 µm of grain diameter to less than 50 µm, and in addition, UTS higher than 360 MPa with an elongation of 20% was obtained for this alloy for the rst time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire arc additive manufacturing of nanomodified 2024 alloy

Lopez¹,

Ukar²,

Agirretxe³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has the objective of reducing the fabrication cost and time, as well as the material waste. This technology enables the manufacturing of complex parts near to net shape and as a result, allows greater design freedom. The use of Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) technology facilitates the welding of aluminium alloys susceptible to hot cracking due to the low heat input. One variant of this process, CMT pulsed advance (CMT-PADV), reduces this heat input even more in addition to using alternate polarity, which helps reducing porosity. In this study, nanomodified 2024 alloy is investigated for WAAM applications. Al-Cu aluminium alloys are usually considered non weldable and are highly susceptible to hot cracking. Addition of TiC nanoparticles to the wire enhances nucleation during liquid solid transformation, reducing the size of grains and segregation obtaining as a result a fine equiaxed microstructure. This completely avoids hot cracking of walls and contributed to achieve high isotropic strength after precipitation hardening treatment above 370 MPa yield stress, 450 MPa tensile strength and 4% elongation.

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Grain-refining of wire arc additive manufactured aluminum alloy with Nb powder addition

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys for aerospace and automotive applications: A review

Wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys for aerospace and automotive applications: A review

Review of Aluminum Alloy Development for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing of nanomodified 2024 alloy

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