Grape peel powder attenuates the inflammatory and oxidative response of experimental colitis in rats by modulating the NF-κB pathway and activity of antioxidant enzymes

Chemoprevention with a tea from hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) leaves and flowers attenuates colitis in rats by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress

“…No statistical differences were found between all groups regarding the results from the FRAP and ORAC methods, meaning that the TNBS model did not worse the systemic antioxidant capacity; neither did the intervention with HT increased it ( Table 4 ). In a study by Luana H. Maurer et al (2020) , similarly, ORAC and FRAP data were not changed by the TNBS-colitis model or by the intervention with a rich source of polyphenols (Luana H. Maurer et al, 2020 ). Since our study utilized an acute colitis model, we understand that the serum was not deeply affected.…”

Suppression of colonic oxidative stress caused by chronic ethanol administration and attenuation of ethanol-induced colitis and gut leakiness by oral administration of sesaminol in mice

“…Significance was set at p < 0.05. Mouse sample size was calculated using a power analysis, which indicated that 8 animals per group were required to detect a 25% difference among means, considering a standard deviation of 20% for basic in vivo data, 32 an α error of 0.05, and power of 0.8 (80%). The other sample size was established considering the probability ( p = 1/2) of an increase or decrease occurring in the variables of interest.…”

Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Grape

“…A study by Nallathambi et al showed that grape seed extract significantly decreased the production of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human Caco-2 colon cells and upregulated the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP X ) [ 42 ]. In another study, grape peel powder ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced oxidative damage in rats by restoring the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and SOD, and decreasing oxidative and NO levels in the colon [ 43 ]. Proanthocyanidins have been reported to play an important role in the antioxidant activity of grape.…”

“…The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of grape, as well as its bioactive compounds, include inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and modulation of the related signaling pathways. A study revealed that TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-1β) in serum and colon tissue, whereas grape peel powder attenuated the inflammatory response by downregulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway [ 43 ]. In addition, diet supplementation with 8% grape seed meal counteracted dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced inflammation in the colon of pigs by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, downregulating NF-κB gene and protein expression and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-β, TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (such as IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) [ 48 ].…”