Graphene diaphragm integrated FBG sensors for simultaneous measurement of water level and temperature

Ameen, Odai Falah; Younus, Marwan Hafeedh; Aziz, M. S.; Azmi, Asrul Izam; Ibrahim, Roslina; Ghoshal, S.K.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.10.018

Cited by 65 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some studies also reported the simple fabrication of graphene diaphragm integrated into an optical fiber sensor for both temperature and pressure sensing. For instance, Ameen et al [168] proposed FBG-based temperature and water level sensors of different configurations, as shown in Figure 5. The study revealed that FBGI is responsive to water levels that are associated with the hydrostatic pressure, while FBGII is sensitive to the surrounding temperature.…”

Section: Temperature and Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabry-Perot interferometer 0-5 39.4 [176] Graphene diaphragm FBG 0-2 501.4 [7] Graphene diaphragm FBG 0-9.81 0.25 [168]…”

Section: Graphene Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabry-Perot interferometer 0-3.5 1096 [174] Graphene diaphragm Fabry-Perot interferometer 0-2.5 80 [175] Graphene diaphragm Fabry-Perot interferometer 0-13 65.71 [169] Graphene diaphragm Fabry-Perot interferometer 0-5 39.4 [176] Graphene diaphragm FBG 0-2 501.4 [7] Graphene diaphragm FBG 0-9.81 0.25 [168]…”

Section: Graphene Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Yap

Chan

Tjin

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Recently, carbon allotropes have received tremendous research interest and paved a new avenue for optical fiber sensing technology. Carbon allotropes exhibit unique sensing properties such as large surface to volume ratios, biocompatibility, and they can serve as molecule enrichers. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess a high degree of surface modification versatility that enables the incorporation of carbon allotropes as the functional coating for a wide range of detection tasks. Moreover, the combination of carbon allotropes and optical fibers also yields high sensitivity and specificity to monitor target molecules in the vicinity of the nanocoating surface. In this review, the development of carbon allotropes-based optical fiber sensors is studied. The first section provides an overview of four different types of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, and nanodiamonds. The second section discusses the synthesis approaches used to prepare these carbon allotropes, followed by some deposition techniques to functionalize the surface of the optical fiber, and the associated sensing mechanisms. Numerous applications that have benefitted from carbon allotrope-based optical fiber sensors such as temperature, strain, volatile organic compounds and biosensing applications are reviewed and summarized. Finally, a concluding section highlighting the technological deficiencies, challenges, and suggestions to overcome them is presented.2 of 43 of target molecules or physical parameters. In some instances, surface-modified carbon allotropes also permit multi-parameter detection capabilities of carbon allotrope-based OFS [7]. As such, an insight into the recent advances of carbon allotrope-based OFS can serve as a guideline to develop an effective detection approach for emerging real-world applications. Many review articles on carbon allotrope-based OFS mainly focus on a single type of carbon allotrope and the fundamental theory of carbon allotrope-based OFS [8,9]. Thus, this comprehensive review article encompasses the properties, preparation, sensing mechanisms, nanocoating deposition techniques, physical and biochemical sensing applications. This review aims to highlight the recent research work on carbon allotrope-based OFS that will serve as a reference guide for researchers to develop optimal detection approaches for physical parameters or trace level monitoring of chemical and biomolecules. Four groups of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon dots (CDs), graphene, and nanodiamonds (NDs), will be studied. Commonly adopted synthesis approaches, classification of various deposition techniques for the integration of carbon allotropes as the thin film coating of OFS as well as numerous examples of these carbon allotrope-based OFS will also be outlined.

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Section: Temperature and Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabry-Perot interferometer 0-5 39.4 [176] Graphene diaphragm FBG 0-2 501.4 [7] Graphene diaphragm FBG 0-9.81 0.25 [168]…”

Section: Graphene Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Yap

Chan

Tjin

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…The change in hydrostatic pressure induces a strain in one of the FBGs and not the other, meaning it is effectively temperature insensitive. In 2016, Ameen et al [84] developed a FBG level and temperature sensor which utilised a graphene diaphragm that deformed under hydrostatic pressure. The sensitivity of the sensor reduced as the number of graphene sheets was increased.…”

Section: Fbg Level Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes

2017

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This paper reviews fiber Bragg grating sensing technology with respect to its use in mainstream industrial process applications. A review of the various types of sensors that have been developed for industries such as power generation, water treatment and services, mining, and the oil and gas sector has been performed. A market overview is reported as well as a discussion of some of the factors limiting their penetration into these markets. Furthermore, the author's make recommendations for future work that would potentially provide significant opportunity for the advancement of fiber Bragg grating sensor networks in these mainstream industries.

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“…Optical fiber sensor technology is gaining so much interest recently due to its interesting features such as compactness, ruggedness multi‐parameters sensing capability, and design flexibility. There are several well‐known sensing techniques including fiber Bragg grating (FBG), fiber laser, multimode interference (MMI) effect, and fiber interferometer . Fiber interferometers such as Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and Michelson interferometer can be constructed using certain combinations of single mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), and/or specialty fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐clad fiber Michelson interferometer for measurement of temperature and refractive index

Musa

Baharin

Azmi

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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An all-fiber Michelson interferometer based on doubleclad fiber (DCF) is proposed for temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing. The sensor is formed by continuous splicing between single mode fiber, multimode fiber, and DCF. Temperature measurement is achieved by monitoring the dip wavelength shift of the interferometer spectra resulting from thermo-optic effect on core and first cladding of DCF. RI measurement is established from the power change in spectra due to the Fresnel's reflection at the DCF tip. Experimental result on 18.5 mm sensor manifests that temperature and RI responses are distinguishable. For instance, power level at 1540.5 nm exhibits quadratic shift to RI changes while unaffected to temperature changes. Dip wavelengths of sensor spectra demonstrate linear shift to temperature changes while unaffected by RI changes. The proposed sensor is cost effective as sensor fabrication only requires conventional splicing. Sensor capability to distinguish temperature and RI parameters makes it practical for broad range applications including for biomedical and food industries. K E Y W O R D S double-clad fiber, multi-parameter sensing, temperature and refractive index sensor | I NTRO DUC TI ONOptical fiber sensor technology is gaining so much interest recently due to its interesting features such as compactness, ruggedness multi-parameters sensing capability, and design flexibility. There are several well-known sensing techniques including fiber Bragg grating (FBG), 1 fiber laser, 2 multimode interference (MMI) effect, 3-7 and fiber interferometer. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Fiber interferometers such as Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), [8][9][10][11] and Michelson interferometer 12-14 can be constructed using certain combinations of single mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), and/or specialty fibers. It can be configured and optimized to detect particular physical parameters including temperature, strain and refractive index (RI). Post-processing such as etching and tapering 11 may be incorporated into the sensor design to enhance sensing performance.Multi-parameter sensing capability 3-13 is an important feature for most sensing applications as different information can be acquired using a single and compact sensing point. Several techniques have been proposed including MMI structure written with FBG 3 for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing. On the other hand, MZI superimposed with FBG 8 has been reported for detection of temperature, strain, and ultrasonic vibration. Both aforementioned techniques consist of integrated MMI/interferometer and FBG structures which retain the sensing characteristics of each component to particular parameters. Thus, distinguishable responses are achievable which made possible for simultaneous multiparameter sensing. The other technique for multi-parameter sensing is based on combination of MMI and Fresnel reflection, 4 which utilized for temperature and RI measurement. The reported sensitivities of this technique for temperature and RI are 8.5 pm/8C and ...

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Graphene diaphragm integrated FBG sensors for simultaneous measurement of water level and temperature

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Mainstream Industrial Processes

Double‐clad fiber Michelson interferometer for measurement of temperature and refractive index

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