2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124987
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Graphitic bio-char and bio-oil synthesis via hydrothermal carbonization-co-liquefaction of microalgae biomass (oiled/de-oiled) and multiple heavy metals remediations

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Cited by 72 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…The absorption intensity at around 1200 cm −1 , which corresponds to the –C–N–C– functional group, was increased for the solid residue obtained after acid-assisted HTT. 46 This finding confirmed that the acid catalyzed the side reaction to form N-containing macromolecular polymers during HTT and is in accordance with the result of TGA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…The absorption intensity at around 1200 cm −1 , which corresponds to the –C–N–C– functional group, was increased for the solid residue obtained after acid-assisted HTT. 46 This finding confirmed that the acid catalyzed the side reaction to form N-containing macromolecular polymers during HTT and is in accordance with the result of TGA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…As the pH increases, the positive charge of the surface became weaker, and the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged surface and metal ions increased, which gave a higher removal efficiency. 36 , 37 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…72,73 The literature has also reported a small fraction of oil molecules generated in the HTC. 71 Bio-oil species were obtained in the HTC from biomass rich in fatty acids (such as oleaginous plants), sewage sludge, and animal manure, 7,74 although at fairly low yields. This bio-oil has shown a high heating value (HHV) and low ash content.…”
Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning
confidence: 99%