‘Grasslands Nui’ perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)

The banding pattern of seed storage proteins resulting from sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of extracts from bulked seed samples has been used to distinguish species and cultivars within the genera Latium and Festuca. Perennial (L. perenne L.) and Italian (L. multiflorum Lam.) ryegrasses were readily differentiated, and distinctive banding patterns were obtained for seed proteins from a range of cultivars and varieties of each, some very closely related. These patterns were independent of site, year, or generation of seed production. Fescue species differentiated were F. pratensis Huds. (meadow fescue), F. arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue), and F. rubra L. (creeping red and Chewings fescues). The 2 types within F. rubra could be distinguished. SDS-PAGE of bulked seed samples offers a rapid method for distinguishing cultivars of Latium and Festuca during seed certification, for checking for genetic shift or contamination in cultiv.ars ~u~ng seed multiplication, as well as for Identlfymg unknown or wrongly named lines. Seed protein banding pattern has potential as a tool for taxonomic classification and could also be used as an adjunct to the more traditional chara~ters ~sed in distinguishing cui ti vars for Plant Vanety Rights.

Section: Fescues (Festuca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass cultivar identification by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Gardiner¹,

Forde²,

Slack³

1986

“…All pastures were mixed perennial ryegrass/white clover swards. Over the past 10 years the pastures have been direct-drilled with ryegrass cultivars such as 'Grasslands Nui', Ellett, and Yatsyn I, derived from the Mangere ecotype (Armstrong 1977). Large-leaved clover cultivars, such as 'Grasslands Pitau' and 'Grasslands Kopu', have also been sown.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high rates of nitrogen fertiliser on perennial ryegrass growth and morphology in grazed dairy pasture in northern New Zealand

Harris¹,

Thom²,

Clark³

1996

Nitrogen (N) fertiliser was applied to dairy pastures at rates of 0,200, or 400 kg N/ha per year on farmlets stocked at 3.24 (LS) or 4.53 (HS) Friesian cows/ha from June 1993 to June 1995. Annual net herbage accumulation increased 22 and 23% on farmlets LS200 and HS200 respectively, and 37 and 24% on farmlets LS400 and HS400. Most of the extra herbage was perennial ryegrass. Ryegrass contents (% total dry matter (DM)) were 71 and 76% on farmlets LS200 and LS400 respectively compared with 61% on farmlet LS0. Ryegrass tiller densities were also higher on farmlets LS200 and LS400 (6295 and 6673 tillers/ m 2 respectively) than on farmlet LS0 (4072 tillers/ m 2 ). On all farmlets there was a post-flowering (January-February) increase in tiller density although this increase was enhanced by N. N application also increased tiller number/plant (3.37, 4.10, and 4.26 tillers/plant on farmlets LS0, LS200, and LS400 respectively). The greater leaf number and leaf dry weight (DW)/plant on farmlets LS200 and LS400 was connected to the increased tiller number/plant, although DW/leaf was also significantly (P < 0.05) greater under N. There was no N effect on leaf sheath or basal stem, but DW/ tiller was significantly (P < 0.05) greater. Ryegrass plants formed two types of internodal stolon: I(v) associated with vegetative growth throughout the year; and I(r) associated with reproductive growth A95061 Received 27 September 1995; accepted 21 December 1995 and only formed during November-January. N had no effect on I(v) formation but 35 and 34% of plants formed I(r) on farmlets LS200 and LS400 respectively compared with 22% on farmlet LS0. It is suggested the positive effects of N on tiller number and DW/plant together with the postflowering increase in tillering may improve persistence of perennial ryegrass in intensively grazed dairy pastures.

“…Trenbath indicated that this effect would most likely occur in a mixture of an erect-leaved canopy above a prostrate-leaved canopy in stands maintained at leaf area indices (LAI) between 2 and 7. Paspalum forms a prostrate sod under frequent defoliation, while Nui ryegrass is a semi-erect leaved cultivar of perennial ryegrass (Armstrong 1977). Thus with frequent defoliation paspalum would form the sod which would provide efficient light interception immediately after defoliation, with the erect-leaved ryegrass growing above this sod but not causing a rapid extinction of light to the paspalum sod unless the defoliation interval was prolonged.…”

Section: Transgressive Overyieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and cutting effects on the growth and competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum

Harris¹,

Forde²,

Hardacre

1981

The effects of temperature regime, transfer between temperature regimes, and cutting frequency on the competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum over 24 weeks were analysed using the de Wit (1960) model of two-species competition. Because of more rapid establishment ryegrass was initially the dominant grass under all treatments. At high (24°C day/18°C night) temperatures, paspalum became the dominant grass where cutting was frequent (2-week intervals), but ryegrass remained dominant where cutting was infrequent (4-week intervals). At low temperatures (14°C day/8°C night) ryegrass was strongly dominant, particularly with infrequent cutting. When transferred from high to low temperatures at 12 weeks ryegrass rapidly increased its competitive power relative to paspalum. Because of marked suppression at low temperature under infrequent cutting paspalum showed a slow increase in competitive power after transfer from 18w.to high temperature, but under frequent cutting paspalum became dominant by the end of the experiment. Cutting more frequently and closely at temperature transfer reduced the dominance of ryegrass and aided the increase in competitive power of paspalum after transfer from low to high temperature. Increase in competitive power was generally associated with an increase in the number of tillers per plant. Ryegrass showed an increase in yield per tiller with decreasing ratio of ryegrass in the sward, irrespective of its competitive situation. The competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum produced transgressive overyielding, particularly where a change of dominance between the grasses was emphasised by transfer between temperature regimes and frequent cutting. Differing growth rhythms and enhanced light use efficiency appeared to be the important causes of transgressive overyielding. It is concluded that realisation of the higher yield and stability of ryegrasspaspalum mixtures requires particular environmental and management conditions.