Grating spectrograph in InGaAsP/InP for dense wavelength division multiplexing

Abstract

A grating spectrograph in InGaAsP/InP suitable for use in the wavelength region from 1.2 to 1.6 μm is presented. Experiments for devices with a channel spacing of 3.7 nm and more than 30 channels between 1.48 and 1.59 μm are described. The measured cross talk level is below −25 dB. The devices have only very low polarization sensitivity. This spectrograph is suited for monolithic integration with photodiodes, laser diodes, or optical amplifiers on a single chip.

GENERIC INP-BASED INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY: PRESENT AND PROSPECTS (Invited Review)

“…Early examples of complex InP-based PICs are a WDM source by Koren et al (1989) [3], a gratingbased receiver by Cremer et al (1991) [4], a switch array by Gustavsson et al (1992) [5], and a heterodyne receiver by Kaiser (1994) [6]. The highest complexities so far have been reported in AWG-based PICs.…”

Generic foundry model for InP-based photonics

“…In his review paper in 1977, Tien [2] mentioned as one of the major goals of photonic integration or 'integrated optics' as it was called at the time: 'the integration of a large number of optical devices on a small substrate, so forming an optical circuit reminiscent of the integrated circuit in microelectronics'. In the following years, a number of chips with increasing complexity were reported [3][4][5][6][7]. However, despite large R&D investments, photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with integration levels exceeding a few components did not succeed in entering the commercial marketplace for more than four decades.…”

Silicon Nanowire Waveguides and Their Applications in Planar Wavelength Division Multiplexers/Demultiplexers

“…To increase the integration density for future WDM systems a considerable size reduction is necessary. III-V semiconductor technology is another promising technology due to its ability to integrate some optoelectronic or active devices (Cremer et al, 1991), e.g., high-quality lasers, highspeed modulators, etc. It can also help to decrease the size of, e.g., an AWG to a few mm 2 based on the common ridge waveguide, but this is at the expense of higher loss, higher material cost, and more complex fabrication technology.…”

“…A cost-effective scheme for carrying more information is implemented by inserting them on both sides of a fibre link. Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) (Smit & Dam, 1996) and etched diffraction gratings (EDGs) (Cremer et al, 1991) are two typical multiplexers/demultiplexers based on planar integrated optical waveguides. They take the advantages of mature semiconductor manufacturing process and can offer more than 40 channels of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).…”