Grazing and the addition of white clover improves the nutritional quality of orchardgrass cultivars

Papadopoulos, Y. A.; Fredeen, A. H.; McRae, K. B.; Price, M. A.

doi:10.4141/a97-060

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Results of a pan-European experiment, which included a Canadian site, have demonstrated that mixing grasses and legumes increases dry matter (DM) yield (Finn et al 2013) with no negative effects on nutritive value (Sturludóttir et al 2013). Adding a legume into a grass sward has been shown to increase forage DM yield and crude protein concentration (Barnett and Posler 1983) and improve forage nutritive value (Papadopoulos et al 2001). Furthermore, mixing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been shown to increase the non-structural carbohydrate concentration of forages (Bélanger et al 2014), potentially resulting in a more efficient use of nitrogen (N) by ruminants (Brito et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and nutritive value of binary legume-grass mixtures under grazing or frequent cutting

et al. 2017

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Although most forage production in eastern Canada is comprised of species mixtures, little research has identified the best species to include in forage mixtures. Our objective was to identify binary legume-grass mixtures with high forage yield and nutritive value under either simulated grazing with frequent cutting or cattle grazing. The experiment was conducted at three sites in eastern Canada with 18 binary legume-grass mixtures of one of six grass species {Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scob.) Holub], timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.)} seeded in 2010 with a grazing-type alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), or birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). The six grass species grown in mixture with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, or white clover persisted well under frequent cutting or rotational grazing at the three sites. White clover grown in a binary mixture with a grass species did not perform well under frequent cutting or rotational grazing. Meadow bromegrass based binary mixtures were overall the best performing in terms of dry matter yield; although their nutritive value was average, meadow bromegrass combined with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil were among the best legume-grass mixtures for estimated milk production per hectare. The greatest estimated milk production per hectare was obtained with birdsfoot trefoil mixed with meadow bromegrass followed by the alfalfa-timothy and the alfalfa-meadow bromegrass mixtures.Key words: alfalfa, clover, forage, grass, grazing.Résumé : Bien que la majeure partie des fourrages récoltés dans l'est du Canada viennent d'un mélange d'espèces, on a relativement peu effectué de recherches pour déterminer quelles espèces constitueraient le meilleur mélange. Les auteurs voulaient établir les mélanges binaires légumineuse-graminée dont le rendement fourrager est le plus élevé et qui ont la plus grande valeur nutritive en simulant la paissance avec des coupes fréquentes ou sous pâturage avec des animaux. L'expérience, réalisée à trois endroits dans l'est du Canada, portait sur 18 mélanges binaires de légumineuses et de graminées. Les six graminées employées étaient le pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis L.), la fétuque des prés (Festuca pratensis Huds.), le dactyle pelotonné (Dactylis glomerata L), la fétuque élevée [Schedonorus phoenix (Scob.) Holub ], la fléole (Phleum pratense L.) et le brome des prés (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.). En 2010, ils ont semé les graminées avec de la luzerne adaptée à la paissance (Medicago sativa L.), du trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L.) ou du lotier corniculé (Lotus corniculatus L.). Les six graminées cultivées avec la luzerne, le lotier corniculé ou le trèfle blanc ont bien résisté aux coupes fréquentes et aux pâturages tournants, aux trois sites. Mélangé à une graminée, le trèfle blanc n'a pas bien performé avec des coupes fréq...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and nutritive value of binary legume-grass mixtures under grazing or frequent cutting

et al. 2017

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“…), particularly white clover (WC). Legumes such as WC are valued for their N‐fixing ability (Chestnutt et al, 1980) and tendency to increase forage quantity and quality (Sleugh et al, 2000; Papadopoulos et al, 2001), as well as increase N availability for neighboring grasses during decomposition of legume roots (Ledgard and Steele, 1992; Paynel et al, 2001). White clover can contribute as much as 545 kg ha –1 of N to pasture swards (Elgersma and Hassink, 1997) and is therefore a valued forage species for livestock producers.…”

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Interspecific Relationships between White Clover, Kentucky Bluegrass, and Canada Thistle during Establishment

et al. 2013

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Forage establishment on fallow fields may be reduced by re-colonization and associated competition from hard to control perennial weeds that reproduce from residual root fragments. We assessed the competitive relationships between regenerating Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) (CT) root fragments and seedlings of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (WC), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG). Two greenhouse trials were conducted, each comparing 10 combinations of all three species grown in monoculture, or together (1:1:1 ratio), or in 1:2 and 2:1 binary mixtures in all possible combinations. All treatments were additionally done at two planting densities. After establishment, plants were grown for 70 d and assessed for biomass of all three species, as well as thistle shoot densities. Results from the two trials were similar. Canada thistle consistently produced the greatest biomass, and was more susceptible to intraspecific competition than competition from adjacent forage plants. Seedlings of neighboring WC were more effective competitors than KBG in reducing final thistle biomass and shoot density. White clover was also more likely to maintain shoot and root biomass under increasing weed presence. These results highlight the importance of reducing CT populations before forage seeding, as well as incorporating species such as WC that may be more tolerant of competition from the weed during the initial establishment period.

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“…Incorporating a legume into a grass sward has been shown to increase yield and crude protein (Barnett and Posler 1983), and improve forage nutrient value (Papadopoulos et al 2001). Because perennial legumes generally have a greater proportion of deeper roots, soil space is used more efficiently and direct competition with grasses is reduced (Buxton and Wedin 1970).…”

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Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

McKenzie¹,

Papadopoulos²,

McRae³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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2005. Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 351-360. Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, and reed canarygrass were seeded in all possible two-grass combinations with white clover in conventional and underseeded barley treatments using a split-plot design at the Western Agriculture Centre near Pynn's Brook, NL. The objectives were: (1) to assess dry matter yield (DMY) of two binary grass species when sown with white clover in mixtures under a system with cuttings at similar crop growth stages as rotational grazing and to assess the effect of underseeding to barley on this system; (2) to identify mixtures that enhance herbage distribution throughout the grazing season; and (3) to assess the sward dynamics over successive cropping seasons. The composition of the binary grass mixtures with white clover affected seasonal DMY, seasonal herbage distribution, and sward dynamics over the production years. Orchardgrass in mixtures decreased DMY, shifted the herbage distribution toward early season, and competed with other species. Timothy composition of the stand showed the largest decline over the 3 production years, whereas white clover declined in mixtures with bluegrass, orchardgrass, or tall fescue. Meadow fescue and reed canarygrass with white clover was the most productive mixture with excellent persistence and good yield distribution over the growing season. Orchardgrass was the least compatible species in the mixtures; it dominated first growth and contributed the least to biomass production in later years. Both bluegrass and reed canarygrass performed well in mixtures over the 3 production years; bluegrass appeared to enhance the performance of the other species during summer regrowth whereas reed canarygrass was superior in the later part of the growing season. Underseeding with barley did not affect white clover yield in any production year but detrimentally affected the yield of orchardgrass and meadow fescue in mixtures, and their seasonal distribution. Les auteurs ont semé du pâturin des prés, de la fétuque des prés, du dactyle pelotonné, de la fétuque élevée, de la fléole et de l'alpiste roseau dans toutes les combinaisons binaires possibles avec du trèfle blanc de la manière traditionnelle ou avec un sous-semis de seigle dans un dispositif en tiroir, au Western Agriculture Centre près de Pynn's Brook, à Terre-Neuve. Les objectifs de l'expérience étaient les suivants : (1) comparer le rendement en matière sèche (RMS) des graminées d'un système binaire semées avec du trèfle blanc dans le contexte d'un régime de coupe aux mêmes stades de croissance qu'un pâturage tournant et évaluer l'incidence du sous-semis d'orge; (2) identifier les mélanges qui améliorent la répartition des herbages sur l'ensemble de la saison de paissance; (3) évaluer la dynamique des peuplements lors de périodes végétatives successives. La composition du mélange binaire semé avec du trèfle blanc affecte le RMS saisonn...

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Grazing and the addition of white clover improves the nutritional quality of orchardgrass cultivars

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Yield and nutritive value of binary legume-grass mixtures under grazing or frequent cutting

Yield and nutritive value of binary legume-grass mixtures under grazing or frequent cutting

Interspecific Relationships between White Clover, Kentucky Bluegrass, and Canada Thistle during Establishment

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

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