Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Arthrospira platensis (Class: Cyanophyceae) and Evaluation of their Biomedical Activities

Abstract

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were successfully fabricated through the harnessing of metabolites present in the cell filtrate of a newly isolated and identified microalga Arthrospira platensis (Class: Cyanophyceae). The formed ZnO-NPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed the efficacy of cyanobacterial metabolites in fabricating spherical, crystallographic ZnO-NPs with a size ≈30.0 to 55.0 nm at a wavelength of 370 nm. Moreover, FT-IR analysis showed varied absorption peaks related to nanoparticle formation. XPS analysis confirms the presence of Zn(II)O at different varied bending energies. Data analyses exhibit that the activities of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were dose-dependent. Their application as an antimicrobial agent was examined and formed clear zones, 24.1 ± 0.3, 21.1 ± 0.06, 19.1 ± 0.3, 19.9 ± 0.1, and 21.6 ± 0.6 mm, at 200 ppm against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively, and these activities were reduced as the NPs concentration decreased. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined as 50 ppm for S. aureus, 25 ppm for P. aeruginosa, and 12.5 ppm for B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. More interestingly, ZnO-NPs exhibit high in vitro cytotoxic efficacy against cancerous (Caco-2) (IC50 = 9.95 ppm) as compared with normal (WI38) cell line (IC50 = 53.34 ppm).

An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum

“…Different concentrations of MgO-NPs (150, 100, 50, and 25 µg mL −1 ) were prepared to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The loaded Muller Hinton plates were kept in the refrigerator for 1 h before incubation at 35 °C for 24 h. The results were recorded as zones of inhibition (ZOIs) around each well by mm [ 8 ]. The experiments were performed in triplicate.…”

“…On the contrary, the biological route is characterized by being a simple, rapid, eco-friendly, and low-cost method, as compared to chemical and physical processes [ 6 ]. Therefore, researchers’ attention is directed to the green method or biological method using bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, yeast, and plants to fabricate nanomaterials [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Recently, there is a huge number of nanomaterials being fabricated using biological methods, such as Ag, Au, Cu, CuO, ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and others [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Phosphorylation of Guar Gum/Magnetite/Chitosan Nanocomposites for Uranium (VI) Sorption and Antibacterial Applications

“…In addition, the high antibacterial activity of PGG@MC could be related to the high stability of magnetite/chitosan in an aqueous solution, due to the protection effect of chitosan on NPs [70]. Several previous studies correlate the antibacterial activity of some compounds with the oxidative stress caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [64,118,119]. Several studies have shown that the phosphorylation of guar gum enhanced the antioxidant activity of the biopolymer [120,121].…”

Antimicrobial and In Vitro Cytotoxic Efficacy of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Fabricated by Callus Extract of Solanum incanum L.

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop a green approach that is considers cost-effective, rapid, eco-friendly, scalable, and avoids the use of harsh conditions or toxic substances. Green synthesis, or biosynthesis, refers to the fabrication of NPs using biological systems such as microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, actinomycetes, and viruses) and plants by harnessing their metabolites to reduce, cap, and stabilize NPs [13][14][15].…”