Group IVB and VB metal carbide--carbon eutectic temperatures

Interaction between titanium and carbon at moderate temperatures

“…• The thermal activation energy related to the interaction between carbon and titanium at rather low temperature is significantly lower than the values obtained for the diffusion of carbon in titanium carbide (250-400 kJ mol −1 ) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Otherwise, the Q value is close to those reported for the diffusion of carbon in titanium (130-180 kJ mol −1 ) [1][2][3].…”

“…For instance, the determination of the diffusion rates of carbon in both alpha and beta titanium over a wide range of temperatures was required in order to control metallurgical processes of heat treatment, homogenisation and aging of titanium alloys [1][2][3]. The kinetics of titanium carbide formation was studied through the assessment of the chemical diffusivity of carbon in TiC [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Other studies were concerned with the production of high-density substoichiometric titanium carbide by liquid sintering or hot isostatic pressing of titanium carbide and titanium powders [10,11].…”

Diffusion of carbon in TiC1−y and ZrC1−y

“…With respect to titanium carbide, Adelsberg et al [ 1 ], Vansant et al [ 2 ], Shcherbedinskaya et al [3], KOyama et al [4] and Quinn et al [5] have reported on chemical diffusion in a reaction-grown layer. Chemical diffusion of carbon or titanium into a single crystal was studied by Kohlstedt et al [6], whereas Sarian [7][8][9] studied the tracer diffusion of C 14 and Ti 44 in titanium carbide.…”

“…This variation originates from the possibility of creating vacancies up to about 50% on the carbon sublattice. It will be clear that the diffusivity will largely depend on the defect structure in titanium carbide, but in most of the abovementioned reports only an average diffusion coefficient has been measured [1][2][3][4][5].…”