Growth, enzymatic glutathione peroxidase activity and biochemical status of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fed dietary fermented soybean meal and organic selenium

Abstract

Solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) was fermented using baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae at 30 °C for 5 days. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 75% SBM protein, either fermented or non-fermented (SBM and FSBM), and supplemented or not with organic Se (OS) (SBM and FSBM), were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) (initial weight of 5 g) for 75 days. A fishmeal (FM)-based diet formulated for juvenile barramundi was used as a reference diet. The growth of fish was significantly affected by either the interaction of SBM type or by the OS level. In fish fed diets supplemented with OS (SBM and FSBM), final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) were higher in fish fed the fermented SBM (FSBM) than in those fed the non-fermented SBM (SBM). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein was higher in the fish fed the fermented SBM, either supplemented or unsupplemented with OS. However, there were no significant differences in the ADC of dry matter (DM) and lipids among the tested diets and in comparison to the reference diet. The haematocrit and leucocrit of fish fed the FSBM diet were lower than those of fish fed the FM diet. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly influenced by OS supplementation in the experimental diets; GPx activity was greater in the fish fed diets supplemented with OS. Creatinine kinase (CK) of all groups of fish was higher than the CK of those fed the reference diet. These results suggest that with a proper nutritional level, OS supplementation may act as an important factor in enzymatic GPx activity and in the haematology and blood biochemistry status of juvenile barramundi fed fermented SBM-based diets, encouraging improvement of the overall growth performance.

Growth, biochemical response and liver health of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fed fermented and non-fermented tuna hydrolysate as fishmeal protein replacement ingredients

“…Similarly, the inclusion of hydrolysates from krill, shrimp, and tilapia in the diets did not alter the qualitative descriptions of Hb in red sea bream ( Pagrus major ) ( Khosravi et al, 2015b ) . Furthermore, Ilham & Fotedar (2017) observed no significant variation in the Hb concentration in juvenile barramundi fed on fermented soybean meal supplemented with organic selenium. In the present study, the average hematocrit concentration ranged between 24% and 29.67%, which was below the normal range (30%–45%) suggested by Adams, Brown & Goede (1993) .…”

“…Similarly, a study by Azarm & Lee (2014) reported that fermented soybean meal prompted the enzymatic antioxidant GPx in blackhead sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ), through the bioavailability of isoflavones produced by the microbial activity. Moreover, one of our previous studies suggested that an appropriate level of dietary inclusion of fermented lupin meal supports growth and the antioxidant GPx activity in juvenile barramundi ( Ilham & Fotedar, 2017 ). However, in the present study, the reduced GPx activity in the fish fed on TH 50 , FTH 50 , and FTH75 replacement diets compared to control may have been caused as a result of a higher inclusion level of TH rather than due to the fermentation process.…”

Total replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal affected the growth, muscle quality, histological structure, antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer

“…The imbalance between antioxidant defences and free radical generation may cause cell damage, which may provoke the leaking of liver enzymes particularly ALT and GLDH in fish [35], associated with liver cell damage. Although published data are available on the effects of plant protein on oxidative biomarkers of barramundi [21,22,36,37], there is less information on the effects of animal protein inclusions. The dietary inclusion of PBM impacted the liver health of barramundi by increasing the levels of ALT and GLDH [18], and animal protein ingredients elevated the levels of AST and ALT in hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ [38].…”

Partial or total replacement of fish meal in the diets of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

“…Recently, blood biochemical evaluation has received considerable attention towards the development of aquafeed, especially for the clinical assessment of specific novel ingredients (Ilham & Fotedar, ; Norag et al, ; Wang et al, ). Previous findings when fish fed with various levels of ESBM (102.2–148 g/kg) to replace 150 g/kg dietary PBM supplemented with squid hydrolysates and squid meal did not show any clinical differences for total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, ALP, AST and ALT enzyme activities among the dietary treatments (Novriadi, Spangler et al, ).…”