Growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes

Iglesias, María Jesús; Piñeiro, Roberto; Blanco, Montserrat; Gallego, Rosalı́a; Diéguez, Carlos; Gualillo, Oreste; González-Juanatey, José Ramón; Lago, Francisca

doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.01.024

Cited by 146 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the present study, we documented endogenous production of Ghr in the RV, lung, and gastric fundus, which is consistent with previous reports showing production of Ghr in these organs (14,17,25). Such production was inhibited by exogenous administration of Ghr in healthy animals, suggesting that systemic levels of Ghr might regulate its local production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endogenous production of ghrelin and beneficial effects of its exogenous administration in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension

Henriques‐Coelho¹,

Correia‐Pinto²,

Roncon‐Albuquerque³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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-Moreira. Endogenous production of ghrelin and beneficial effects of its exogenous administration in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H2885-H2890, 2004; doi:10.1152/ ajpheart.01122.2003.-We investigated the endogenous production of ghrelin as well as cardiac and pulmonary vascular effects of its administration in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Adult Wistar rats randomly received a subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) or an equal volume of vehicle. One week later, animals were randomly assigned to receive a subcutaneous injection of ghrelin (100 g/kg bid for 2 wk) or saline. Four groups were analyzed: normal rats treated with ghrelin (n ϭ 7), normal rats injected with saline (n ϭ 7), MCT rats treated with ghrelin (n ϭ 9), and MCT rats injected with saline (n ϭ 9). At 22-25 days, right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) pressures were measured, heart and lungs were weighted, and samples were collected for histological and molecular analysis. Endogenous production of ghrelin was almost abolished in normal rats treated with ghrelin. In MCT-treated animals, pulmonary expression of ghrelin was preserved, and RV myocardial expression was increased more than 20 times. In these animals, exogenous administration of ghrelin attenuated PH, RV hypertrophy, wall thickening of peripheral pulmonary arteries, and RV diastolic disturbances and ameliorated LV dysfunction, without affecting its endogenous production. In conclusion, decreased tissular expression of ghrelin in healthy animals but not in PH animals suggests a negative feedback in the former that is lost in the latter. A selective increase of ghrelin mRNA levels in the RV of animals with PH might indicate distinct regulation of its cardiac expression. Finally, ghrelin administration attenuated MCT-induced PH, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and RV hypertrophy, indicating that it may modulate PH. myocardial hypertrophy; ventricular hemodymamics; pulmonary vasculature PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH) is a progressive disease associated with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy that commonly progresses to heart failure. Endothelin (ET)-1 and several other neurohumoral agents play a central role in the complex pathophysiology of PH (11,28) and are used as therapeutic targets for this entity. For instance, several authors observed that ET-1 antagonism decreases PH, restores endothelial metabolic function, inhibits RV hypertrophy, and improves survival both in experimental (5,19,26) and clinical (27) settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endogenous production of ghrelin and beneficial effects of its exogenous administration in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension

Henriques‐Coelho¹,

Correia‐Pinto²,

Roncon‐Albuquerque³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…6 Intravenous injection of ghrelin not only decreased arterial pressure, but also increased cardiac output in healthy humans. 3 There are also promising preliminary human studies addressing that ghrelin might improve heart function in patients with chronic heart failure. 7 Supraphysiological levels of ghrelin stimulated left ventricular (LV) function in healthy young normalweight men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin and its promoter variant associated with cardiac hypertrophy

2011

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The roles of ghrelin, a peptide hormone that has a role in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis, in the cardiovascular system have not yet been unambiguously established. We evaluated the association between plasma ghrelin concentrations and À501A4C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ghrelin gene 5 0 flanking area and echocardiographic measurements in 1037 middle-aged subjects. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated according to Devereux's method. The ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was recorded using the fully automatic SpaceLabs 90207 oscillometric unit. Results suggested that plasma ghrelin was not related to mean ambulatory BP values. However, the highest plasma ghrelin tertile was associated with increased intraventricular septum (P ¼ 0.043) and posterior ventricular wall (P ¼ 0.002) thicknesses as well as left ventricular mass (P ¼ 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and systolic BP, the association persisted between ghrelin tertiles and intraventricular septum (P ¼ 0.05) and posterior ventricular wall (P ¼ 0.001) thicknesses. The SNP À501A4C polymorphism was associated with LVMI after adjustments for age, sex and systolic BP. In conclusion, ghrelin and its promoter variant are associated with cardiac hypertrophy indexes independent of BP. Positive correlation between ghrelin levels and increased wall thickness parameters may reflect compensatory up-regulation of ghrelin concentrations or direct effects of ghrelin on myocardium. The effects of the SNP seem not to be mediated through its effects on ghrelin plasma levels.

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“…Ghrelin is a twenty-eight-amino acid acylated hormone mainly synthesised and secreted by the gut in the gastric oxyntic cells (A/X cells) at the fundus of the stomach, as well as the duodenum, ileum, caecum and colon (Kojima et al 1999;Date et al 2000;Gualillo et al 2001;Sakata et al 2002). Ghrelin expression has also been detected in other tissues, such as the hypothalamus (Kojima et al 1999;Horvath et al 2001;Cowley et al 2003) testis (Barreiro et al 2002;Tena-Sempere et al 2002), pituitary (Caminos et al 2003a, ovary (Caminos et al 2003b;Gaytan et al 2003), heart (Iglesias et al 2004) and placenta (Gualillo et al 2001).…”

Section: Gut Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral tissue–brain interactions in the regulation of food intake

et al. 2007

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More than 70 years ago the glucostatic, lipostatic and aminostatic hypotheses proposed that the central nervous system sensed circulating levels of different metabolites, changing feeding behaviour in response to the levels of those molecules. In the last 20 years the rapid increase in obesity and associated pathologies in developed countries has involved a substantial increase in the knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating body mass. This effort has resulted in the recent discovery of new peripheral signals, such as leptin and ghrelin, as well as new neuropeptides, such as orexins, involved in body-weight homeostasis. The present review summarises research into energy balance, starting from the original classical hypotheses proposing metabolite sensing, through peripheral tissue-brain interactions and coming full circle to the recently-discovered role of hypothalamic fatty acid synthase in feeding regulation. Understanding these molecular mechanisms will provide new pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and appetite disorders. Food intake regulation: Gastrointestinal signals: Adipose and pancreatic hormones:Neural control

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Growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes

Abstract: Ghrelin is synthesized and secreted by isolated murine and human cardiomyocytes, probably with paracrine/autocrine effects, and may be involved in protecting these cells from apoptosis.

Cited by 146 publications

References 39 publications

Endogenous production of ghrelin and beneficial effects of its exogenous administration in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension

Endogenous production of ghrelin and beneficial effects of its exogenous administration in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension

Ghrelin and its promoter variant associated with cardiac hypertrophy

Peripheral tissue–brain interactions in the regulation of food intake

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