Growth inhibition and pro-apoptotic activity of violacein in Ehrlich ascites tumor

Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer UTC116 Cells Induced by Cantharidinate

“…Cell proliferation assay was carried out with the aid of a 3-(4,5-dimethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylterazaolium bromide (MTT) staining kit (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) according to the manufacture's protocol (Bromberg et al 2010). UTC-116 cells proliferation had been determined after 24~72 h of drμg treatment before 20 μL of MTT (5mg/L) was dropped in each well.…”

“…After incubation for 48 h, the cells were digested by 0.25% trypsin and then analyzed for the percentage of apoptosis rate and cell cycle phase distribution by flow cytometry (FACSClibur, Becton Dickinson, USA) with the help of ModFit LTTM3.0 software (Bromberg et al, 2010). Each experiment was done in duplicate and was repeated five times.…”

Antibacterial activity of violacein against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Bovine Mastitis

“…7 Very recently, Bromberg et al 13 have shown that violacein causes oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In this work, the authors evaluated the toxicity of daily doses of this compound to major organs over 35 days.…”

The Medicinal Value of Biodiversity: New Hits to Fight Cancer

“…Of note, this purple-colored pigment has gained attention for its antitumor properties, which has been demonstrated in vitro against a number of cancer cell lines from several histological origins, as well as in vivo (Melo et al, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2004;Kodach et al, 2006;Durán et al, 2007;Bromberg et al, 2010). Moreover, studies have shown the ability of violacein to induce apoptosis by mechanisms that include modulation of a number of signaling pathways and the generation of oxidative stress (Melo et al, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2004;Kodach et al, 2006;Durán et al, 2007;Bromberg et al, 2010). Importantly, treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT)-bearing mice with micromolar doses of violacein inhibited the tumor volume, the number of viable tumor cells and increased survival, differing from other works with natural products in the literature which spend high doses of the compounds.…”

“…Importantly, treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT)-bearing mice with micromolar doses of violacein inhibited the tumor volume, the number of viable tumor cells and increased survival, differing from other works with natural products in the literature which spend high doses of the compounds. In addition to present a lower toxicity to normal cells in vitro, hematology, biochemistry and histopathological analyses of liver and kidney of mice receiving daily intraperitoneal doses of violacein up to 1 mg/kg indicated that treatment with violacein is well tolerated and does not cause hematotoxicity nor renal or hepatotoxicity (Durán et al, 2007;Bromberg et al, 2005;Bromberg et al, 2010). At this point, it is important to mention that the Amazonian strain of C. violaceum (from Rio Negro, Brazil) produces violacein at a higher rate compared to other strains, including the ATCC 553 strain, as well as other bacteria, such as Janthinobacterium lividum and Alteromonas luteoviolacea.…”