Growth inhibition in Raphidocelis subcapita – Evidence of nanospecific toxicity of silver nanoparticles

Kleiven, Merethe; Macken, Ailbhe; Oughton, Deborah

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.055

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Also, a time-dependent effect was observed for all three type of AgNPs and Ag + ions at all concentrations since the differences between growth rates of algae in exposed groups decreased compared with control groups during 72 h of exposure period. The 72 h EC 10 , EC 20 and EC 50 values [39,44,50,74,88]. However, the toxicity of Ag + ions observed (72 h EC 50 : 0.051 mg L −1 ) was less than the reported values, ranging from 0.005 to 0.034 mg L −1 [39,50,74,88].…”

Section: Algal Toxicity Of Agnps and Ag + Ionsmentioning

confidence: 68%

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The toxicity of coated silver nanoparticles to the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata

et al. 2020

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The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is growing exponentially, especially in consumer products due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. However, concerns are growing on their possible negative effects on environmental and human health. AgNPs from consumer products enter aquatic ecosystems where their physicochemical properties including surface functionalization are critical to their impact on aquatic organisms. The effects of AgNPs coated with three different ligands; tyrosine (T-AgNP), epigallocatechin gallate (E-AgNP) and curcumin (C-AgNP) and Ag + ions on the freshwater green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata were investigated. Stability tests of AgNPs revealed that the coating significantly affects the fate and behaviour of AgNPs. All types of AgNPs tested and ionic silver were found to be toxic to the alga and differential growth inhibition of algae were observed from differently coated AgNPs, with the 48 h EC 50 of C-AgNPs, T-AgNPs and E-AgNPs being 0.155, 0.163 and 0.243 mg L −1 , respectively, in comparison with 0.051 mg L −1 for Ag + ions. Associated Ag in the algae increased with increased concentrations of all AgNPs and Ag + ions and the toxicity positively correlated to the associated Ag content in algae. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase and catalase were activated in algal cells by the AgNPs and Ag + ions, but a consistent difference in response was not identified with different concentrations of NPs. This study shows the effects of the surrounding environment and surface functionalization of AgNPs on algae highlighting the importance of considering them in environmental risk assessment of AgNPs.

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Section: Algal Toxicity Of Agnps and Ag + Ionsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Any adverse effects to the autotrophs will have an effect on the heterotrophs [18,49]. Several studies have proven that AgNPs are toxic to algae [25,44]. Also, algae serve as a model organism to assess effects of NPs in aquatic systems [80].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toxicity of coated silver nanoparticles to the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata

et al. 2020

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“…The NP/BSA-water mixtures were sonicated on ice with a sonicator probe Labsonic ® P Probe 3 mm (853 5124, Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Göttingen, Germany) and Labsonic ® P (Sartorius Stedim Biotech), at 50% amplitude for 15 min (100% cycle, 100 watts), or with an ultrasound homogenizer Sonopuls (Bandelin, Germany), at 50% amplitude for 15 min (100% cycle). The dispersion solution of NM300K (NM300K DISP) was not included in the study, based on negative results from other studies on cytotoxicity and DNA damage [34][35][36].…”

Section: Nanoparticle Dispersions and Preparation For Toxicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepato(Geno)Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles in a HepG2 Liver Spheroid Model

et al. 2020

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1) In compliance with the 3Rs policy to reduce, refine and replace animal experiments, the development of advanced in vitro models is needed for nanotoxicity assessment. Cells cultivated in 3D resemble organ structures better than 2D cultures. This study aims to compare cytotoxic and genotoxic responses induced by titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) in 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid cultures of HepG2 human liver cells. (2) NPs were characterized by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler anemometry, UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity was investigated by the alamarBlue assay and confocal microscopy in HepG2 monolayer and spheroid cultures after 24 h of NP exposure. DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized base lesions) was measured by the comet assay. (3) Ag-NPs were aggregated at 24 h, and a substantial part of the ZnO-NPs was dissolved in culture medium. Ag-NPs induced stronger cytotoxicity in 2D cultures (EC 50 3.8 µg/cm 2 ) than in 3D cultures (EC 50 > 30 µg/cm 2 ), and ZnO-NPs induced cytotoxicity to a similar extent in both models (EC 50 10.1-16.2 µg/cm 2 ). Agand ZnO-NPs showed a concentration-dependent genotoxic effect, but the effect was not statistically significant. TiO 2 -NPs showed no toxicity (EC 50 > 75 µg/cm 2 ). (4) This study shows that the HepG2 spheroid model is a promising advanced in vitro model for toxicity assessment of NPs.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 545 2 of 21 and silver (Ag) is used as a disinfection agent in medical equipment and consumer products, on account of its antimicrobial activity [5]. Thus, humans are likely to be exposed to NPs, either intentionally or accidentally, during production and usage [6]. Transport of NPs across biological barriers has been observed by elemental analysis in both rodents and humans [7][8][9][10][11]. As an example, gold NPs have been reported to reach the systemic circulation in humans, after inhalation, and translocate to other organs [8,9].Several in vivo studies show that NPs accumulate in the liver, which is an important target organ for NPs and other xenobiotics due to its metabolic activity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Induction of hepatotoxicity is one of the most common reasons for a medicine to be rejected or removed from the market [19,20]. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive hepatotoxicity screening methods for drug development and hazard assessment of chemicals or new materials, such as NPs. When considering the 3Rs-replacement, reduction and refinement-to minimize the use of animal experiments, hepatotoxicity should be assessed by reliable in vitro models. A great advantage of in vitro hepatocellular models for studying hepatotoxicity is the possibility of using human cells, either as primary cells or cell lines. The use of human hepatocyte cell lines, such as HepG2, C3A, Huh7 and HepaRG, has many advantages compared to primary cells. They are relatively easy to culture and have an unlimited life span, a relatively stable phenotype, high availability and ...

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“…However, based on such data, despite the high removal efficiency, the authors estimated a total release in the environment of 33 Kg AgNPs/year for the whole country [126]. For these reasons, AgNPs have stimulated considerable attention in terms of potential environmental risks consequent to their production, usage, disposal and application [127][128][129][130].…”

Section: Environmental Safety Of Enmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticles for Water Pollution Monitoring and Treatments: Ecosafety Challenge and Cellulose-Based Hybrids Solution

et al. 2020

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in many advanced nanotechnologies, due to their versatile, easy and cheap preparations combined with peculiar chemical-physical properties. Their increased production and integration in environmental applications including water treatment raise concerns for their impact on humans and the environment. An eco-design strategy that makes it possible to combine the best material performances with no risk for the natural ecosystems and living beings has been recently proposed. This review envisages potential hybrid solutions of AgNPs for water pollution monitoring and remediation to satisfy their successful, environmentally safe (ecosafe) application. Being extremely efficient in pollutants sensing and degradation, their ecosafe application can be achieved in combination with polymeric-based materials, especially with cellulose, by following an eco-design approach. In fact, (AgNPs)–cellulose hybrids have the double advantage of being easily produced using recycled material, with low costs and possible reuse, and of being ecosafe, if properly designed. An updated view of the use and prospects of these advanced hybrids AgNP-based materials is provided, which will surely speed their environmental application with consequent significant economic and environmental impact.

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Growth inhibition in Raphidocelis subcapita – Evidence of nanospecific toxicity of silver nanoparticles

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

The toxicity of coated silver nanoparticles to the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata

The toxicity of coated silver nanoparticles to the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata

Hepato(Geno)Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles in a HepG2 Liver Spheroid Model

Silver Nanoparticles for Water Pollution Monitoring and Treatments: Ecosafety Challenge and Cellulose-Based Hybrids Solution

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