Growth of tensile and fatigue cracks in metal foils

Alic, J. A.; Asimow, R.M.

doi:10.1016/0013-7944(74)90020-4

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is similar to typical short crack growth behaviour and is not surprising since the cracks were microstructurally short in the thickness direction. As previously noted by Alic and Asimow, 68 there was a change from plane strain to plane stress conditions with decreasing foil thickness, with the crack tip plastic zone radius becoming significant relative to the foil thickness. Significantly, there was a decrease in crack growth threshold and decrease in ductility with decreasing foil thickness.…”

Section: Experimental Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Fracture surfaces had a knifeedge rupture appearance, suggesting fatigue failure was due to cumulative plastic deformation and necking rather than crack propagation. Like other observations, 40,68 the knife-edge rupture is characteristic of a foil with throughthickness grains and it was noted that the behaviour of a thin foil is more like a single crystal than a bulk polycrystalline material. A significant size effect was observed in 20 µm and 100 µm foils with through-thickness grains of 100 µm average diameter.…”

Section: Fatigue In Foils and Filmssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Some basic parameters, including test type, for fatigue tests in foils and films are summarized in Table 6. Alic and Asimow 68 concentrated on qualitatively describing tensile and fatigue crack propagation rates and identifying deformation mechanisms in wrought metallic foils of copper, 70:30 brass and tantalum. Foils were 0.001′ (25.4 μm) thick, apart from some brass foils that were 0.002′ (50.8 μm) thick.…”

Section: Experimental Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of deformation and fatigue of metals at small size scales

Connolley

McHugh

Bruzzi

2005

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A B S T R A C T Mechanical devices are being introduced whose size scale is well below that of conventional mechanical test specimens. The smallest devices have sizes in the nanometer range, though a good proportion of structural devices are of the micrometer scale. Development of these products raises the question of how their mechanical behaviour and reliability may be predicted. Conventional macroscopic test data can be used, but these are obtained using specimens whose size is much larger than the devices themselves. There is a risk that performance predictions will be inaccurate, due to the existence of size effects. This paper covers small size scale testing in metallic specimens and devices, concentrating on freestanding specimens. To begin, some examples of micro-scale devices are given. Fabrication methods for small metallic devices are then briefly described. This is followed by a review of experimental observations of mechanical properties in various metallic materials at the micro-scale, highlighting the differences in results from different research groups and the gaps in our current knowledge. A section on computational and predictive modelling is included, in recognition of the role of modelling in device design and testing. Overall, the findings are that size effects are common, particularly in crystalline samples when the grain size is similar to one or more of the specimen dimensions. However, observations of size effects differ between studies and mechanical properties can vary widely, even for the same type of material. As a consequence, the relationships between specific device processing methods, specimen size and material properties must be adequately understood to ensure successful performance. N O M E N C L A T U R EA = geometric texture factor b = Burgers vector magnitude d = grain diameter D f = fatigue ductility parameter E = elastic modulus h = film, foil or specimen thickness k = 'locking parameter,' representing the relative hardening contribution of grain boundaries K = constant for power law creep k B = Boltzmann constant l = specimen length n = Creep exponent for power law creep N f = number of cycles to failure p = constant in the Basquin and Coffin-Manson relationships

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Section: Experimental Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Fatigue In Foils and Filmssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Experimental Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of deformation and fatigue of metals at small size scales

Connolley

McHugh

Bruzzi

2005

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Along with the abovementioned air cathodes, flexible Zn anodes should also be developed to realize reliable flexible Zn–air batteries; however, little attention has been paid so far. From an electrode architecture point of view, conventional Zn anodes are fabricated by coating electrode slurries on metallic current collectors , or directly using Zn metal foils. ,, However, the metallic current collectors and Zn metal foils are not sufficiently mechanically robust to withstand external deformation because of their fatigue failure. , Upon repeated deformation, they often suffer from mechanical rupture, eventually losing their electrical conductivity. In slurry-cast electrodes, insufficient adhesion with the metallic current collectors could give rise to detachment of anode materials (such as Zn powders and conductive additives), resulting in an abrupt increase of cell resistance and even internal short-circuit failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,16,17 However, the metallic current collectors and Zn metal foils are not sufficiently mechanically robust to withstand external deformation because of their fatigue failure. 18,19 Upon repeated deformation, they often suffer from mechanical rupture, eventually losing their electrical conductivity. In slurry-cast electrodes, insufficient adhesion with the metallic current collectors could give rise to detachment of anode materials (such as Zn powders and conductive additives), resulting in an abrupt increase of cell resistance and even internal short-circuit failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible/Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries Based on Multifunctional Heteronanomat Architecture

Lee

Kim

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The increasing demand for advanced rechargeable batteries spurs development of new power sources beyond currently most widespread lithium-ion batteries. Here, we demonstrate a new class of flexible/rechargeable zinc (Zn)-air batteries based on multifunctional heteronanomat architecture as a scalable/versatile strategy to address this issue. In contrast to conventional electrodes that are mostly prepared by slurry-casting techniques, heteronanomat (denoted as "HM") framework-supported electrodes are fabricated through one-pot concurrent electrospraying (for electrode powders/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)) and electrospinning (for polyetherimide (PEI) nanofibers) process. Zn powders (in anodes) and rambutan-shaped cobalt oxide (CoO)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite powders (in cathodes) are used as electrode active materials for proof of concept. The Zn (or CoO/MWCNT) powders are densely packed and spatially bound by the all-fibrous HM frameworks that consist of PEI nanofibers (for structural stability)/SWCNTs (for electrical conduction) networks, leading to the formation of three-dimensional bicontinuous ion/electron transport channels in the electrodes. The HM electrodes are assembled with cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acrylic acid gel polymer electrolytes (acting as zincate ion crossover-suppressing, permselective separator membranes). Benefiting from its unique structure and chemical functionalities, the HM-structured Zn-air cell significantly improves mechanical flexibility and electrochemical rechargeability, which are difficult to achieve with conventional Zn-air battery technologies.

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The kinetics of the thermofluctuation-Induced micro- and macrocrack growth in plastic metals

Regel¹,

Leksovskii²,

Sakiev³

1975

Int J Fract

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A B S T R A C T The growth rate of main cracks at different temperatures and under the static load has been investigated in aluminum and zinc foils. The observation of the crack growth during loading has been made by means of general microfilming as well as by electron microscope. It has been shown that the growth of main cracks occurs by means of the initiation, development, and coalescence of secondary microcracks which arise at the tip of the main one. The interaction and the growth of cracks of all dimensions, from submicroscopic and up to macroscopic, takes place at constant rate, without any steps. The rate depends exponentially upon the applied stress and the reciprocal test temperature; the activation energy of the crack growth process is near to that of sublimation for the metals.

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Growth of tensile and fatigue cracks in metal foils

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

A review of deformation and fatigue of metals at small size scales

A review of deformation and fatigue of metals at small size scales

Flexible/Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries Based on Multifunctional Heteronanomat Architecture

The kinetics of the thermofluctuation-Induced micro- and macrocrack growth in plastic metals

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