Growth of the Corpus Callosum in Adolescents Born Preterm

Allin, Matthew; Nosarti, Chiara; Narberhaus, Ana; Walshe, Muriel; Frearson, Sonya; Kalpakidou, Anastasia K.; Wyatt, John; Rifkin, Larry; Murray, Robin M.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1183

Cited by 55 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, data in the literature reported that preterm born people have a smaller corpus callosum (37). Information about preterm birth was not available in our population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Filippini

Zarei

Beckmann

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To investigate the possible effect of the APOE ε4 allele on age-related regional volume loss within the corpus callosum (CC) in healthy ε4 allele carriers compared with noncarriers. Materials and Methods:A total of 211 subjects, ages 27 to 83 years, 51 ε4 carriers and 160 noncarriers underwent T1-weighted MRI scan. All subjects had normal MRI scan and performed within normal range on a neuropsychological battery of tests. CC was segmented into seven functionally relevant regions using a previously published probabilistic map of the CC connectivity. We measured the volumes of the CC and its subregions. We used a regression model (with volumes as dependent and age as independent variables) and compared the slopes between carriers and noncarriers using an analysis of covariance model. We also carried out voxel-based-morphometry analysis to investigate the possible effect of the APOE ε4 gene on the gray matter. Results:We found that the volume of the CC and all subregions decreased with increasing age in both groups. The slope was steeper in the APOE ε4 carriers compared withthe noncarriers particularly in the prefrontal region (P ϭ 0.02). No gray matter differences were observed between the two groups.Conclusion: APOE ε4 polymorphism is associated with accelerated age-related volume loss in the prefrontal callosal tracts without gray matter loss. This result suggests the role of APOE ε4 in the brain aging by primarily affecting white matter structures particularly in the frontal lobe.

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“…Moreover, data in the literature reported that preterm born people have a smaller corpus callosum (37). Information about preterm birth was not available in our population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Filippini

Zarei

Beckmann

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…39 Greater callosal maturation is also associated with greater motor function. 54 Moreover, correlations between Verbal and Non-verbal IQ 55,56 and the posterior corpus callosum have previously been reported in adolescents born preterm. 9,56 In the subgroup analysis of field strength, the difference in fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum was significantly greater in the 3T group than in the 1.5T group, and heterogeneity was found in the 3T group in this subregion.…”

Section: Review 335mentioning

confidence: 87%

Fractional anisotropy alterations in individuals born preterm: a diffusion tensor imaging meta‐analysis

Sun

Han

et al. 2014

Develop Med Child Neuro

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ALEActivation likelihood estimate DTI Diffusion tensor imaging SMD Standardized mean difference AIM This meta-analysis explored cerebral microstructural changes in individuals born preterm using fractional anisotropy from diffusion tensor imaging.METHOD We used the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method for the meta-analysis to locate anatomical regions with white matter abnormalities in a group of individuals born preterm and in term-born comparison participants. A statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy was conducted to quantitatively explore the extent of fractional anisotropy changes in the three subregions of the corpus callosum in the preterm group.RESULTS ALE analysis identified 11 regions of decreased fractional anisotropy and four regions of increased fractional anisotropy. Analysis of the corpus callosum revealed the largest decrease in fractional anisotropy in the splenium (standardized mean difference [SMD]=À0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] À0.93 to À0.57), followed by the body (SMD=À0.73, 95% CI À1.13 to À0.32) and the genu (SMD=À0.65, 95% CI À0.97 to À0.33). INTERPRETATION Significant changes in fractional anisotropy in individuals born pretermreflect white matter abnormalities from childhood to young adulthood, and the mechanism of fractional anisotropy alterations in preterm infants may vary during different stages of white matter development. Furthermore, the variability of fractional anisotropy between studies can primarily be attributed to the age of the individuals at scanning and to the field strength of magnetic resonance scanners.Preterm birth is frequently accompanied by a variety of disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, deafness, or blindness. The incidence of preterm birth has increased significantly in the past decades, but is associated with higher survival rates 1 and a lower incidence of major disabilities than in the past.2 However, there is strong evidence that preterm survivors without brain malformations, congenital infection, or metabolic disease and with normal outcomes or mild abnormalities on structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may experience more problems of motor, cognitive, language, and behavioural functioning throughout childhood and young adulthood. [3][4][5][6] These sequelae have been attributed to perinatal brain injuries, 7,8 which frequently involve white matter, 9 during normal brain maturation. 10 Nevertheless, the location, severity, and mechanism of white matter injuries on neurodevelopment and their impact on future function have not been conclusively determined.11 Additional neuroimaging evidence is necessary to explain the mechanism of white matter injuries and to predict the future influence of these impairments in individuals who are born preterm.Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a novel MRI technique, can quantify the fibre orientation and integrity of white matter pathways within neural networks. This technique is superior to conventional MRI methods for the detection of white matter abnormalities becaus...

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“…Thus, there seems to be some support for the finding of a smaller posterior CC in those born with LBW and VLBW. Whether this smaller posterior CC represents a permanent change or merely delayed growth is still unclear, because the CC is believed to reach maturity in young adulthood, 33 ie, slightly older than those included in our cohort. A previous study 33 reported evidence for a growth spurt of CC between 14 -15 years and 23 years in a group of 72 prematurely born subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The splenium forms after the genu and the callosal body, and even though the mature shape of the CC is reached by 17 weeks of gestation, premature birth may interfere with its later stages of development. 33 In addition, the reduced size of the posterior CC may reflect important changes within the microstructure. In a quantitative study of VLBW adolescents, including DTI, 35 a lower fractional anisotropy was detected in posterior aspects of CC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectively Reduced Posterior Corpus Callosum Size in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults Born with Low Birth Weight

Aukland

Westerhausen²,

Plessen³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Growth of the Corpus Callosum in Adolescents Born Preterm

Abstract: The corpus callosum grows dramatically in VPT adolescents, and this growth is associated with neuropsychological outcome. This may represent a delay of a normal maturational process in VPT individuals.

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Fractional anisotropy alterations in individuals born preterm: a diffusion tensor imaging meta‐analysis

Selectively Reduced Posterior Corpus Callosum Size in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults Born with Low Birth Weight

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