Gut-brain axis as a key aspect of clinical conditions

Abstract

The brain-gut axis evidences the interactions between the gastrointestinal system and the brain in a general context. This physiological system is a mutual balance connection between two individual organs of the body in response to internal and external changes. It is extremely important to appreciate the current concepts that involve this system to understand brain-gut interaction, as well as to highlight the insertion of the axis today, using clinical conditions, neuropsychiatric disorders, intestinal microbiota, immunomodulators, and scientific evidence to verify and highlight axis activity in the human body. In this sense, there is a consistent background in literature supporting the physiological development and shaping of the gut in brain disorders by a constant interplay mediated by the several products originating from the microbiota.

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“…The axis can regulate diseases and disorders in the neural system, such as Alzheimer's, autism, and Parkinson's. 42 The gut microbiome exerts various levels of control over the immune system, inflammation, and metabolism. Disruption in interactions between the microbiome and the host can lead to an increased risk of several diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and other diseases.…”

Mental health screening in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

“…Therefore, early detection allows timely intervention and avoids negative outcomes; based on strategies such as primary health care. 1,4,8,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23]…”