Gut Microbial Activity, Implications for Health and Disease: The Potential Role of Metabolite Analysis

Nyangale, Edna P; Mottram, Donald S.; Gibson, Glenn R.

doi:10.1021/pr300637d

Cited by 246 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…They are subjected to luminal proteolysis and subsequent metabolism by the large number of microorganisms of the large intestine microbiota (about 10 11 to 10 12 viable bacteria/g content) (29) leading to the production of numerous amino acid-derived metabolites (53), including phenols, indoles, amines, sulfide, ammonia, and monocarboxylic acids. Monocarboxylic acids include short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and several other organic acids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Liu

Blouin

Santacruz

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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AM. Highprotein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307: G459-G470, 2014. First published June 26, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00400.2013.-High-protein diets are used for body weight reduction, but consequences on the large intestine ecosystem are poorly known. Here, rats were fed for 15 days with either a normoproteic diet (NP, 14% protein) or a hyperproteichypoglucidic isocaloric diet (HP, 53% protein). Cecum and colon were recovered for analysis. Short-and branched-chain fatty acids, as well as lactate, succinate, formate, and ethanol contents, were markedly increased in the colonic luminal contents of HP rats (P Ͻ 0.05 or less) but to a lower extent in the cecal luminal content. This was associated with reduced concentrations of the Clostridium coccoides and C. leptum groups and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in both the cecum and colon (P Ͻ 0.05 or less). In addition, the microbiota diversity was found to be higher in the cecum of HP rats but was lower in the colon compared with NP rats. In HP rats, the colonic and cecal luminal content weights were markedly higher than in NP rats (P Ͻ 0.001), resulting in similar butyrate, acetate, and propionate concentrations. Accordingly, the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium monocarboxylate transporter 1 (which is increased by higher butyrate concentration) as well as the colonocyte capacity for butyrate oxidation were not modified by the HP diet, whereas the amount of butyrate in feces was increased (P Ͻ 0.01). It is concluded that an increased bulk in the large intestine content following HP diet consumption allows maintenance in the luminal butyrate concentration and thus its metabolism in colonocytes despite modified microbiota composition and increased substrate availability.protein; microbiota; SCFA; transport; metabolism HIGH-PROTEIN (HP) diets are commonly used for body weight loss (36,38). In fact, such diets have been shown to increase satiety, to modify lipid metabolism, and to facilitate short-and middle-term weight reduction (24,61,72). However, the consequences on gut microbiota composition, on microbial-derived metabolites in the large intestine luminal content, and on colonocyte epithelial cell metabolic capacities have been little studied.Increasing protein intake induces an increase in the proportion of nitrogenous compounds, mainly protein, peptides, and to a lesser extent amino acids, entering the large intestine (13,23,25,51,64). They are subjected to luminal proteolysis and subsequent metabolism by the large number of microorganisms of the large intestine microbiota (about 10 11 to 10 12 viable bacteria/g content) (29) leading to the production of numerous amino acid-derived metabolites (53), including phenols, indoles, amines, sulfide, ammonia, and monocarboxylic acids. Monocarboxylic acids include short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and several other organ...

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confidence: 99%

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Liu

Blouin

Santacruz

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Apesar da ausência de evidências epidemiológicas que correlacionem patologias do SNC e a flora intestinal, vários estudos tem demonstrado a importância das bactérias intestinais na saúde e na doença (9,89,90). O desequilíbrio na composição e na diversidade da flora intestinal pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de doenças do SNC (1,12,91,92), bem como alterar a função cognitiva e a sociabilidade (26,93,94).…”

Section: Flora Intestinal E Doenças Psiquiátricasunclassified

Envolvimento Da Flora Intestinal Na Modulação De Doenças Psiquiátricas

Lach

Morais

Costa

et al. 2017

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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Nas últimas décadas, o envolvimento da flora intestinal na regulação de processos mediados pelo sistema nervoso central (SNC) tem despertado grande interesse de neurocientistas (um campo de pesquisa até então exclusivo dos microbiologistas). Nesse interim, estudos vêm revelando como a composição da flora intestinal pode participar da fisiologia normal do indivíduo, assim como a associação entre alterações da composição e diversidade da flora e o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças psiquiátricas. Esta comunicação encéfalo-intestinal tende a ocorrer utilizando diferentes vias, como a comunicação por meio endócrino, imunológico e/ou neuronal. Esta troca de informações é diretamente influenciada pela composição da flora intestinal. Estudos pré-clínicos em animais, onde a flora intestinal é alterada, sugerem que as bactérias intestinais regulam vários genes e neurotransmissores envolvidos na modulação de doenças psiquiátricas, como a ansiedade, depressão e o autismo. Desta forma, o conceito de eixo encéfalo-intestinal sugere que a modulação da flora intestinal pode ser uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de novas formas de prevenção e tratamento de doenças do SNC.

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“…These metabolites impact not only on the microbiota itself but also on the intestinal mucosa and even on the general health of the host. Thus, metabolite analysis may contribute to our understanding of the intestinal ecosystem (Nyangale et al, 2012). Metabolites produced by the different microorganisms may be toxic for other microorganisms.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on prebiotics and probiotics for the control of dysbiosis: present status and future perspectives

Ducatelle

Eeckhaut

Haesebrouck

et al. 2015

Animal

115

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Dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis is defined as a shift in the intestinal microbiota composition resulting in an imbalance between beneficial and harmful bacteria. Since the ban on the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in animal feed in the EU, dysbiosis has emerged as a major problem in intensive animal production. Prebiotics and probiotics are currently under investigation as possible alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics, as their mode of action is thought to be based largely on a modulation of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we analyse the currently available data from both animal and human nutrition that document the potential and limitations of prebiotics and probiotics for the control of dysbiosis. An impressive number of empirical feeding trials have been carried out in healthy animals, yielding sometimes contradictory results. More indepth studies have revealed the complexity of the interactions taking place in the lower intestinal tract, thus illustrating that preand probiotics cannot be a simple replacement for growth-promoting antibiotics. Although there are indications that the strategic use of pre-and probiotics can provide major benefits, there is still a lack of basic knowledge on the delicate interactions between the microbiota, the host and the feed components, which hampers the widespread use of these valuable feed additives.

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Gut Microbial Activity, Implications for Health and Disease: The Potential Role of Metabolite Analysis

Cited by 246 publications

References 144 publications

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Envolvimento Da Flora Intestinal Na Modulação De Doenças Psiquiátricas

A review on prebiotics and probiotics for the control of dysbiosis: present status and future perspectives

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