Highlights d C-section leads to changes in Bifidobacterium spp. abundance in early life d Mice born by C-section have behavioral deficits throughout their lifespan d Co-housing C-section-born mice with vaginally born mice corrects social deficits d B. breve or a dietary prebiotic mixture improves behavior in C-section mice
Nas últimas décadas, o envolvimento da flora intestinal na regulação de processos mediados pelo sistema nervoso central (SNC) tem despertado grande interesse de neurocientistas (um campo de pesquisa até então exclusivo dos microbiologistas). Nesse interim, estudos vêm revelando como a composição da flora intestinal pode participar da fisiologia normal do indivíduo, assim como a associação entre alterações da composição e diversidade da flora e o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças psiquiátricas. Esta comunicação encéfalo-intestinal tende a ocorrer utilizando diferentes vias, como a comunicação por meio endócrino, imunológico e/ou neuronal. Esta troca de informações é diretamente influenciada pela composição da flora intestinal. Estudos pré-clínicos em animais, onde a flora intestinal é alterada, sugerem que as bactérias intestinais regulam vários genes e neurotransmissores envolvidos na modulação de doenças psiquiátricas, como a ansiedade, depressão e o autismo. Desta forma, o conceito de eixo encéfalo-intestinal sugere que a modulação da flora intestinal pode ser uma importante estratégia para o desenvolvimento de novas formas de prevenção e tratamento de doenças do SNC.
The factors that trigger the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. However, it is suggested that environmental factors, such as exposure to pesticides, play an important role, in addition to genetic predisposition and aging. Early signs of PD can appear in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and in the olfactory system, preceding the onset of motor impairments by many years. The present study assessed the effects of oral rotenone administration (30 mg/kg) in inducing GI and olfactory dysfunctions associated with PD in mice. Here we show that rotenone transiently increased myeloperoxidase activity within 24 h of administration. Leucocyte infiltration in the colon, associated with histological damage and disrupted GI motility, were observed following treatment with rotenone for 7 days. Moreover, 7 days of treatment with rotenone disrupted olfactory discrimination in mice without affecting social recognition ability. The presence of specific deficits in olfactory function occurred with a concomitant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and an increase in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) turnover in the olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that in Swiss mice, exposure to rotenone induces GI and olfactory dysfunction involving immunological and neurotransmitter alterations, similar to early signs of PD. This provides further evidence for the involvement of the gut-brain axis in PD.
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