Gut microbial diversity analysis using Illumina sequencing for functional dyspepsia with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome and the interventional Xiaoyaosan in a rat model

Abstract

AIMTo investigate gut microbial diversity and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) in a rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD) with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome.METHODSThe FD with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome rat model was established through classic chronic mild unpredictable stimulation every day. XYS group rats received XYS 1 h before the stimulation. The models were assessed by parameters including state of the rat, weight, sucrose test result and open-field test result. After 3 wk, the stools of rats were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR products of the V4 region of 16S rDNA were sequenced using a barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing technique. The primary composition of the microbiome in the stool samples was determined and analyzed by cluster analysis.RESULTSRat models were successfully established, per data from rat state, weight and open-field test. The microbiomes contained 20 phyla from all samples. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Tenericutes were the most abundant taxonomic groups. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria in the model group was higher than that in the normal group. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the model group was lower than that in the normal group. Upon XYS treatment, the relative abundance of all dysregulated phyla was restored to levels similar to those observed in the normal group. Abundance clustering heat map of phyla corroborated the taxonomic distribution.CONCLUSIONThe microbiome relative abundance of FD rats with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome was significantly different from the normal cohort. XYS intervention may effectively adjust the gut dysbacteriosis in FD.

Choosing an Animal Model for the Study of Functional Dyspepsia

“…FD is established through CMUS, which included bondage, swim-induced fatigue, electrical stimulation, fasting, and concussion. The stimulation is performed every day for three continuous weeks [ 33 ].…”

Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Immobilization Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Anorexia in Rats: The Role of the Nesfatin-1–Oxytocin–Proopiomelanocortin Neural Pathway in the Hypothalamus

“…Xiaoyaosan, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula (16), has been used to treat various diseases for hundreds of years. Xiaoyaosan is effective in treating liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency, a syndrome that causes both depression-like symptoms and appetite loss (17,18). Previous studies have shown that Xiaoyaosan exerts an antidepressant-like effect by regulating brain regions such as the hippocampus (19,20), amygdala (21), locus coeruleus (22), and hypothalamus (23).…”

Integrative metabolic and microbial profiling on patients with Spleen-yang-deficiency syndrome

“…As described in TCM theory, SYDS is a complex phenotype, which reflects the overall changes in metabolic processed or networks mainly caused by digestive system disorders 3 , 5 , 17 . Thus, theoretically, gut microbiota dysbiosis may well contribute to the development of SYDS 18 , but little evidence for this hypothesis has been acquired in the clinic.…”