Gut Microbial Diversity and Ecological Specialization in Four Sympatric Lemur Species Under Lean Conditions

Greene, Lydia K.; Rambeloson, Elodi; Rasoanaivo, Hoby A.; Foss, Elissa D.; Yoder, Anne D.; Drea, Christine M.; Blanco, Marina B.

doi:10.1007/s10764-021-00257-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The intersite variations of these two phyla in relative abundance can be expressed using F/B (ratio of the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; Turnbaugh et al, 2006 ). The folivorous primates, such as François’s langurs (8.24) ( Chen et al, 2020 ) and Udzungwa red colobus monkeys (6.22) ( Barelli et al, 2015 ), have higher F/B than frugivorous primates, such as red-fronted lemurs ( Eulemur rufifrons ) (0.98) ( Murillo et al, 2022 ) and brown lemurs ( Eulemur fulvus ) (0.5) ( Greene et al, 2021 ), as well as omnivorous primates, such as Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana ) (2.65) ( Xia et al, 2021 ). In this study, the F/B of white-headed black langurs was much higher than that of the aforementioned species (12.34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota of white-headed black langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in responses to habitat fragmentation

Lai

Chen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The white-headed black langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) is exclusively distributed in the karst forests and is critically endangered owing to habitat fragmentation. Gut microbiota can provide physiological data for a comprehensive study of the langur’s response to human disturbance in the limestone forest; to date, data on spatial variations in the langurs’ gut microbiota are limited. In this study, we examined intersite variations in the gut microbiota of white-headed black langurs in the Guangxi Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, China. Our results showed that langurs in the Bapen area with a better habitat had higher gut microbiota diversity. In the Bapen group, the Bacteroidetes (13.65% ± 9.73% vs. 4.75% ± 4.70%) and its representative family, Prevotellaceae, were significantly enriched. In the Banli group, higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (86.30% ± 8.60% vs. 78.85% ± 10.35%) than the Bapen group was observed. Oscillospiraceae (16.93% ± 5.39% vs. 16.13% ± 3.16%), Christensenellaceae (15.80% ± 4.59% vs. 11.61% ± 3.60%), and norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 (17.43% ± 6.64% vs. 9.78% ± 3.83%) were increased in comparison with the Bapen group. These intersite variations in microbiota diversity and composition could be accounted for by differences in food resources caused by fragmentation. Furthermore, compared with the Banli group, the community assembly of gut microbiota in the Bapen group was influenced by more deterministic factors and had a higher migration rate, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. This might be attributed to the serious fragmentation of the habitats for both groups. Our findings highlight the importance of gut microbiota response for the integrity of wildlife habitats and the need in using physiological indicators to study the mechanisms by which wildlife responds to human disturbances or ecological variations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota of white-headed black langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in responses to habitat fragmentation

Lai

Chen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…We found that certain bacterial genera changed in relative abundance following FMTs. Cerasicoccus , a genus in the order Opitutales, has been found to be abundant in the gut microbiomes of other folivorous mammals, including indri ( Indri indri ; Correa et al, 2021) and sifakas ( Propithecus coquereli ; Greene et al, 2021). Other members of the order Opitutales are known to degrade complex plant fiber and break down nitrogenous compounds (Hester et al, 2018), producing potentially vital byproducts for the host and contributing to gut health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota transplants modulate the gut microbiome of a two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus)

et al. 2023

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The microbes inhabiting an animal's gastrointestinal tracts, collectively known as the gut microbiome, are vital to animal health and wellbeing. For animals experiencing gut distress or infection, modulation of the gut microbiome, for example, via fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), provides a possible disease prevention and treatment method. The beneficial microbes present in the donor's transplanted feces can help combat pathogens, assist in digestion, and rebalance the recipient's microbiota. Investigating the efficacy of FMTs in animal health is a crucial step toward improving management strategies for species under human care. We present a case study of the use of FMTs in a two‐toed sloth experiencing abnormally large, clumped, and frequent stools. We used 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples to (a) compare the microbiomes of the FMT donor, a healthy, cohoused conspecific, and the FMT recipient and (b) assess the influence of multiple rounds of FMTs on the recipient's microbiome and stool consistency and frequency over time. In response to the FMTs, we found that the recipient's microbiome showed trends toward increased diversity, shifted community composition, and altered membership that more resembled the community of the donor. FMT treatment was also associated with marked, yet temporary, alleviation of the recipient's abnormal bowel movements, suggesting a broader impact on gut health. Our results provide valuable preliminary evidence that FMT treatments can augment the recipient's gut microbiome, with potential implications for animal health and management.

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“…Our observed values should be larger than the expected randomized outcome if our hypothesis is correct (Proches et al, 2006). However, there are exceptions to the observation that microbiome diversity correlates with host health, such as animals in disturbed habitats exhibiting higher‐diversity microbiomes than those in more intact habitat (Huang et al, 2018; Littleford‐Colquhoun et al, 2019; Phillips et al, 2018), and dietary specialists optimizing fitness with a low‐diversity, consistent microbiota (Dill‐McFarland et al, 2016; Greene et al, 2021). These exceptions underscore the need for systematic tests of the pattern in host communities outside the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horned lizards in the genus Phrynosoma are relatively specialized on ants (Lemos‐Espinal et al, 2004; Meyers et al, 2006; Montanucci, 1989; Pianka & Parker, 1975), while other members of the family Phrynosomatidae are generalist insectivores. Dietary specialization is correlated with reduced gut microbiome diversity in some vertebrate taxa (Dill‐McFarland et al, 2016; Greene et al, 2021), although the pattern is not universal (Bolnick, Snowberg, Hirsch, et al, 2014). Additionally, our single location, cross‐community sampling allows for testing host‐microbiome diversity hypotheses at both inter‐ and intraspecific levels without the potential confounding effects of geographical variation (Amato et al, 2013; Barelli et al, 2015; Ingala et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetically under‐dispersed gut microbiomes are not correlated with host genomic heterozygosity in a genetically diverse reptile community

Holmes

Gründler

2022

Molecular Ecology

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While key elements of fitness in vertebrate animals are impacted by their microbiomes, the host genetic characteristics that factor into microbiome composition are not fully understood. Here, we correlate host genomic heterozygosity and gut microbiome phylogenetic diversity across a community of reptiles in southwestern New Mexico to test hypotheses about the behaviour of host genes that drive microbiome assembly. We find that microbiome communities are phylogenetically under-dispersed relative to random expectations, and that host heterozygosity is not correlated with microbiome diversity. Our analyses reinforce results from functional genomic work that identify conserved host immune and nonimmune genes as key players in microbiome assembly, rather than gene families that rely on heterozygosity for their function.

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Gut Microbial Diversity and Ecological Specialization in Four Sympatric Lemur Species Under Lean Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Gut microbiota of white-headed black langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in responses to habitat fragmentation

Gut microbiota of white-headed black langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in responses to habitat fragmentation

Fecal microbiota transplants modulate the gut microbiome of a two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus)

Phylogenetically under‐dispersed gut microbiomes are not correlated with host genomic heterozygosity in a genetically diverse reptile community

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