Gut Microbiome Modulation Based on Probiotic Application for Anti-Obesity: A Review on Efficacy and Validation

Abstract

The growing prevalence of obesity has become an important problem worldwide as obesity has several health risks. Notably, factors such as excessive food consumption, a sedentary way of life, high sugar consumption, a fat-rich diet, and a certain genetic profile may lead to obesity. The present review brings together recent advances regarding the significance of interventions involving intestinal gut bacteria and host metabolic phenotypes. We assess important biological molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of gut microbiota on hosts including bile salt metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, and metabolic endotoxemia. Some previous studies have shown a link between microbiota and obesity, and associated disease reports have been documented. Thus, this review focuses on obesity and gut microbiota interactions and further develops the mechanism of the gut microbiome approach related to human obesity. Specifically, we highlight several alternative diet treatments including dietary changes and supplementation with probiotics. The future direction or comparative significance of fecal transplantation, synbiotics, and metabolomics as an approach to the modulation of intestinal microbes is also discussed.

Weight-Reducing Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum ZJUFT17 Isolated from Sourdough Ecosystem

“…A high-fat diet (HFD) is a significant contributor to the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence has shown that probiotics' administration could help to suppress HFD-induced obesity and metabolic symptoms, which is a clustering of at least three of the five following medical conditions: central obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum TG, and low serum HDL [25]. In this study, the mice in the HFT group exhibited an average of a 12.5% decrease in body weight gain compared with their HFD counterparts during the 10-week treatment, and the HFT did decrease food intake from week 7-9 which may thus contribute to a decrease in body weight gain.…”

“…The obese mice fed an HFD showed a marked change in gut microbiota in comparison with the mice fed a normal chow diet. Extensive research has revealed that probiotics could ameliorate obesity/metabolic syndrome via the modulation of gut microbiota, though the mechanism of action of probiotics is obscure [14,25,36]. The proposed mechanisms of action include antagonistic effects on pathogen growth and competitive adhesion to the intestinal mucosa (antimicrobial activity), increasing intestinal mucus layer and reducing intestinal permeability (barrier function), and modulation of the intestinal immunity (immunomodulation) [9].…”

The intestinal microbiota contributes to the growth and physiological state of muscle tissue in piglets

“…The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota can be highly related to the host’s physiology, and these microorganisms may perform functions that the hosts have not had to evolve, including the ability to process otherwise indigestible components of the host’s diet, such as plant polysaccharides 3 , 4 . The gut microbiota also has critical roles in the maintenance of host health by promoting host cell differentiation, protecting the host from the colonization of pathogens, and stimulating/modulating the immune system 5 – 8 . A large number of microbial metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), organic salts, amines, alkaloids] are produced in the digestive tract.…”

Codium fragile Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolism by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…Obesity is an increase in body weight due to excessive accumulation of fat tissue, which contributes to an increased prevalence of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction [38]. It has been known that eating foods rich in dietary fiber components, such as fruits and vegetables, can have beneficial effects on anti-obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases [39][40][41].…”