Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Matter of Composition or Functionality?

Morán-Ramos, Sofía; López-Contreras, Blanca E.; Canizales‐Quinteros, Samuel

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.003

Cited by 74 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 178 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Body weight loss in overweight and obese teens led to an increase in abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decrease in abundance of Firmicutes . More recently, studies with greater numbers (>500 subjects) have found conflicting results, finding that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio may not significantly distinguish obesity from normal gut microbiota as originally shown …”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Obesity Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Lee

Yacyshyn

2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a global pandemic with immense health consequences for individuals and societies. Multiple factors, including environmental influences and genetic predispositions, are known to affect the development of obesity. Despite an increasing understanding of the factors driving the obesity epidemic, therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse obesity are limited in their impact. Manipulation of the human gut microbiome provides a new potential therapeutic approach in the fight against obesity. Specific gut bacteria and their metabolites are known to affect host metabolism and feeding behaviour, and dysbiosis of this biosystem may lead to metabolic syndrome. Potential therapies to alter the gut microbiota to treat obesity include dietary changes, supplementation of the diet with probiotic organisms and prebiotic compounds that influence bacterial growth, and the use of faecal microbiota transplant, in which gut microbiota from healthy individuals are introduced into the gut. In this review, we examine the growing scientific evidence supporting the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiota may influence carbohydrate metabolism and obesity, and the various possible therapies that may utilize the gut microbiota to help correct metabolic dysfunction.

show abstract

Section: Gut Microbiota and Obesity Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Lee

Yacyshyn

2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…62 Human clinical trials investigating the association between obesity and the microbiome are less robust and less consistent than animal studies. 63 A Dutch study that included monozygotic twins showed similar microbiome profiles between the pairs, but twins who were discordant on body mass index showed an inverse correlation between some clusters of Clostridium diversity and body mass index. 64 The effects of microbiome manipulation on weight are also less consistent and might be different between adults and children.…”

Section: Microbiome and Ec Risk And Protective Factors Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is thought to be secondary to increased harvesting of fatty acids due to obesogenic microbiota and digestion of certain polysaccharides that would be indigestible otherwise, increased absorption of carbohydrates and fat by increasing the glucose transporters and fatty acid translocase on gut mucosa, increased carbohydrate fermentation efficiency and increased inflammation and gut permeability . Human clinical trials investigating the association between obesity and the microbiome are less robust and less consistent than animal studies . A Dutch study that included monozygotic twins showed similar microbiome profiles between the pairs, but twins who were discordant on body mass index showed an inverse correlation between some clusters of Clostridium diversity and body mass index .…”

Section: Microbiome and Ec Risk And Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case for a role of the microbiome in gynecologic cancers: Clinician's perspective

Mert

Mariani

2018

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this review, we aimed to provide insight into the microbiome and its association with endometrial and ovarian cancer and their risk factors. We reviewed the literature focusing on the relationship between the microbiome and cancer, as well as the relationship between gynecologic diseases and cancers. The human body contains different kinds of microorganisms in various body parts, which is termed the microbiome. The number of microorganisms that live in and on the human body is greater than that of the human germ and somatic cells by 10-fold. The relationship between a human and their microbiome is complex; it is also one of the most important components of homeostasis. Impairment of microbiome-host homeostasis has been associated with obesity, several cancers, preterm labor, inflammatory and allergic conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders. Direct and strong causal relationships have been established for several cancers and microorganisms, such as gastric lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori infection. Interestingly, eradication of the infectious agents has also been shown to be therapeutic. The association between cancer and the microbiome, however, is more complicated than a 1 bacteria-1 cancer model, and a shift in a healthy microbiome can result in various cancers via inflammation, change in microenvironment or DNA-damaging toxins. The human microbiome is an integral part of homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms that cause dysbiosis will enable us to elucidate the pathways that result in malignancy and investigate new treatment modalities.

show abstract

“…Проведено более десятка исследований микробиоты тучных людей: их результаты неоднозначны [3]. Большинство работ показали, что люди с ожирением имеют меньшее разнообразие микробиоты по видовому составу, чем лица с нормальным индексом массы тела [3,4]. Однако нет единого мнения, какие именно бактерии ассоциированы с развитием ожирения.…”

Section: дислипидемия ожирениеunclassified

“…В работах с использованием шотган-секвенирования (shotgun sequencing) это подтверждено не было. С определенной долей уверенности можно сказать лишь, что у тучных людей чаще снижено количество представителей семейств Oscillospira, Christensenellacea, Rikenellaceae, рода Bifidobacterium, а также меньше муцин-расщепляющих бактерий Akkermansia muciniphila [3]. Выявлена обратно пропорциональная связь бактерий A. Muciniphila с индексом массы тела и уровнем триглицеридов в плазме крови [5].…”

Section: дислипидемия ожирениеunclassified

Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome

Drapkina

Shirobokikh

2018

Racionalʹnaâ farmakoterapiâ v kardiologii

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic syndrome has attracted massive attention in the past decade. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the metabolic potential of gut microbiota can be identified as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, diabetes mellitus. The gut-host interaction occurs through many pathways including trimethylamine-N-oxide pathway (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids pathways. TMAO (the hepatic oxidation product of the microbial metabolite of trimethylamine) enhances platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis risk and predicts major adverse cardiovascular events. Short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids, which are produced with the help of microbiota, can modulate host lipid metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism through several receptors such as G-protein-coupled receptors 41,43, farnesoid X-receptor, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5. This way microbiota can impact host lipid levels, processes of weight gain, insulin sensitivity. Besides these metabolism-dependent pathways, there are some other pathways, which link microbiota and the pathogenesis of CVD. For example, lipopolysaccharide, the major component of the outer bacterial membrane, causes metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade systemic inflammation and contribute this way to obesity and progression of heart failure and atherosclerosis. This review aims to illustrate the complex interplay between microbiota, their metabolites, and the development and progression of CVD and metabolic syndrome. It is also discussed how modulating of gut microbiota composition and function through diet, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can become a novel therapeutic and preventative target for CVD and metabolic syndrome. Many questions remain unresolved in this field and undoubtedly further studies are needed.

show abstract

Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Matter of Composition or Functionality?

Cited by 74 publications

References 178 publications

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Case for a role of the microbiome in gynecologic cancers: Clinician's perspective

Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About