Gypsum crystals in soils

Jafarzadeh, A A; Burnham, C. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1992.tb00147.x

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Pedogenic gypsum in soils exhibit a variety of crystal forms that may represent different environments of formation: lenticular disks, tabular pseudo-hexagonal, tabular hexagonal, microcrystalline, prismatic, lath and fibrous (Amit & Yaalon, 1996;Jafarzadeh & Burnham, 1992). It has been suggested this diversity of crystal morphology results from changing micro-environmental conditions in soils through time (Amit & Yaalon, 1996;Eswaran & Zi-Tong, 1991).…”

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…They do not exhibit any re-crystallization 'rings' associated with re-hydration of anhydrite or simple re-crystallization from alternating wetting and drying events. There was no evidence of corrosion or comb-shaped edges at the crystal soil boundary that would suggest dissolution, nor were there any solution pits on the surface of the crystal or comb-shaped edge forms again attributed to dissolution (Jafarzadeh & Burnham, 1992;Tsarevsky et al, 1984). None of these characteristics were observed in the soil profiles studied.…”

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Micromorphologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Lenticular crystals have been shown to form more readily in the presence of organic material and other impurities such as sodium chloride (Cody, 1979). However, the amount of organic material necessary to produce the lenticular crystal morphology is unknown because lenticular crystals have been described in soils with low organic matter content ( Jafarzadeh & Burnham, 1992). Tabular pseudo-hexagonal crystals are associated with acid sulfate soils and are thought to precipitate from a rapidly supersaturated solution followed by evaporation (Jafarzadeh & Burnham, 1992;Tsarevsky et al, 1984).…”

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Tabular euhedral crystals have been found in soils with fluctuating water tables (Eswaran & Zi-Tong, 1991). Prismatic crystals are commonly found precipitating in acidic soils with a pH between 4 and 6, and have also been found at the base of a fluctuating water table (Jafarzadeh & Burnham, 1992;Pankova & Yamnova, 1987). Fibrous gypsum has been explained as precipitating under strain but have also been attributed to displacive crystallization (Jafarzadeh & Burnham, 1992).…”

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Snowball morphology and SEM analysis of pedogenic gypsum, southern New Mexico, U.S.A.

Buck

Hoesen

2002

Journal of Arid Environments

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Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Micromorphologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Pedogenic Gypsum Crystal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Snowball morphology and SEM analysis of pedogenic gypsum, southern New Mexico, U.S.A.

Buck

Hoesen

2002

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…Larger crystals were found in the soils with larger voids. Jafarzadeh and Burnham (1992) believed that lenticular gypsum crystals may form in any environmental condition. However, Amit and Yaalon (1996) have reported ionic impurity and unlimited pore space as the necessary conditions for the formation of lenticular gypsum.…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran

Owliaie¹,

Najafi‐Ghiri²,

Shakeri³

2018

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science (Ejss)

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Article Info Received : 02.10.2017 Accepted : 02.01.2018 Soils of semiarid regions of Dehdasht and Choram in Southwestern Iran have formed on alluvium derived from mixed calcareous-gypsiferous materials from Lower Miocene to Upper Pliocene. In order to characterize and classify the soils and to determine the soillandscape relationship in the area, nine pedons located on different physiographic positions including plateau, river alluvial plain, piedmont plain, alluvial plain and alluvial fan have been described, sampled and analyzed. Physicochemical analyses, clay mineralogy and micromorphological studies were performed. The results showed that topography and parent material were two important soil forming factors affecting soil formation in the area. The soils were dominated by carbonate, gypsum, and clay illuviation and accumulation. More developed soils were found on the stable plateau and piedmont plain. Clay illuviation and argillic horizon development in soils of the more stable alluvial plain were assumed to be relict features from presumably more humid climates. Palygorskite, illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, and quartz clay minerals were identified in almost all physiographic surfaces, but more palygorskite and less smectite were found in the soils with gypsiferous parent materials. Observations by SEM revealed the occurrence of neoformed palygorskite as thread-like faces and coating of gypsum crystals and marly matrix. Coating and infilling of gypsum and calcite crystals in voids and channels were common pedofeatures observed in the soils studied. Two different distribution patterns of Fe-Mn oxides were identified in aquic and non-aquic soils.

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The Micromorphology of Gypsum and Halite in Reg Soils—the Negev Desert, Israel

Amit

Yaalon

1996

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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Gypsum and halite are the most common salts in reg soils developed on alluvial parent material under extremely arid conditions in the Negev Desert, Israel. The aim of this paper is to document the changes in the micromorphology of these salts at different stages of Reg soil development on two alluvial fan chronosequences. The micromorphological analyses included thin section observations and scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe analyses. In this arid soil environment, gypsum and halite possess a variety of crystal forms which may change with depth in a single profile and/or between profiles of different ages. The variety of crystal forms results from changes in the microenvironmental conditions that occur in desert reg soils over time. Poikilitic lenticular gypsum is found in all Reg soils and is distributed throughout the profiles. The conditions needed for such crystals to form are high ionic impurities and deposition in a void system where space is not limiting. Microcrystalline alabastrine gypsum is only found in mature Reg soils and is crystallized when the profile has high amounts of fine material and a well‐developed desert pavement. In a well‐developed Reg soil, profile indicators, such as a well‐developed desert pavement and high amounts of fine earth, limit the leaching depth and cause gypsum deposition from supersaturated soil solutions under high evaporation rates close to the surface. Prismatic and fibrous gypsum are less common. Low amounts of prismatic gypsum are found in young and mature soils while fibrous gypsum is found only in mature soils in re‐cemented shattered gravel. The halite crystal form is mainly cubic with low amounts of host material incorporated into the crystal. It occurs predominantly in mature Reg soil profiles through the crystallization from supersaturated soil solutions at the depth of maximum water penetration. Although the alabastrine, prismatic and fibrous gypsum and cubic halite are deposited in a displacive manner, no correlation was found between their occurrence and the distribution of shattered gravel in the soil profile.

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Gypsum crystals in soils

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Snowball morphology and SEM analysis of pedogenic gypsum, southern New Mexico, U.S.A.

Snowball morphology and SEM analysis of pedogenic gypsum, southern New Mexico, U.S.A.

Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran

The Micromorphology of Gypsum and Halite in Reg Soils—the Negev Desert, Israel

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