H-formulation for simulating levitation forces acting on HTS bulks and stacks of 2G coated conductors

Sass, Felipe; Sotelo, Guilherme Gonçalves; Andrade, R. de; Sirois, Frédéric

doi:10.1088/0953-2048/28/12/125012

Cited by 126 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A summary of the formulation used by independent groups to model SMBs with homemade FE codes and free/nonfree FE softwares is proposed in Table I. TABLE I SMB FINITE ELEMENT MODELS 2-D 2-D axi 3-D A˗V Homemade Hofmann et al [24] Dias et al [25][26][27] Ma et al [28][29][30] Sugiura et al [31] Takeda et al [32] Chun et al [33] Ruiz-Alonso et al [34] Wang et al [35] Sotelo et al [36] Ueda et al [38] Software -Li et al [37] Hauser [39] T˗Ω Homemade Zheng et al [40] Zhang et al [41] Gou et al [42] Uesaka et al [43,44] Tsuchimoto et al [45] Tsuda et al [46][47][48] Ma et al [49,50] Pratap et al [ Sass et al [53] Quéval et al [54] *this work* Patel et al [55] *this work* Patel et al [55] Quéval et al [54] *this work* All these models have their own features and limitations. Focusing on the H-formulation, important efforts have been made to simulate SMBs using homemade codes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually the groups listed in Table I all used Comsol Multiphysics [61], either with the magnetic field formulation (mfh) physic available in the AC/DC module, or by manually implementing the partial differential equations (PDEs) with the PDE module. Sass et al developed a 2-D model [53] to obtain the levitation force between a PM and an YBCO bulk or stacks of YBCO tapes. The field of the PM was obtained using analytical equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Superconducting magnetic bearings simulation using an H-formulation finite element model

Quéval

Liu

Yang

et al. 2018

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

106

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The modeling of superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) is of great significance for predicting and optimizing its levitation performance before construction. Although lots of efforts have been made in this area, it still remains some space for improvements. Thus the goal of this work is to report a flexible, fast and trustworthy H-formulation finite element model. First the methodology for modeling and calibrating both bulk-type and stack-type SMB is summarized. Then its effectiveness for simulating SMBs in 2-D, 2-D axisymmetric and 3-D is evaluated by comparison with measurements. In particular, original solutions to overcome several obstacles are given: clarification of the calibration procedure for stack-type and bulk-type SMBs, details on the experimental protocol to obtain reproducible measurements, validation of the 2-D model for a stack-type SMB modeling the tapes real thickness, implementation of a 2-D axisymmetric SMB model, implementation of a 3-D SMB model, extensive validation of the models by comparison with experimental results for field cooling and zero field cooling, for both vertical and lateral movements. The accuracy of the model being proved, it has now a strong potential for speeding up the development of numerous applications including maglev vehicles, magnetic launchers, flywheel energy storage systems, motor bearings and cosmic microwave background polarimeters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting magnetic bearings simulation using an H-formulation finite element model

Quéval

Liu

Yang

et al. 2018

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

106

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show abstract

“…That has been recently solved in our group in [2] using an electro-thermal YBCO model developed in Comsol Multiphysics framework by using its differential partial equations' input and associated solver. The H-formulation was used by us as was in [9] but now coupled with the thermal physics of the superconductor. Next step will employ that electro-thermal model in the 3D model of the bearing.…”

Section: The Zfc Magnetic Bearing Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [9,10] frictionless superconductor magnetic bearing (SMB) systems studied were designed to levitate based on the FC technique. This implies significant hysteresis losses due to the magnetic flux trapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Setup and Efficiency Evaluation of Zero-Field-Cooled (ZFC) YBCO Magnetic Bearings

Arsenio

Carvalho

Cardeira

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstract-This paper presents the conception, simulation and experimental evaluation of magnetic bearings based on NdFeB magnets and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) YBCO bulk superconductors to replace the bearings of a standard electric machine. Advanced research on HTS magnetic levitation has been carried out for the construction of large scale flywheels or for industry applications. However, those approaches used fieldcooled (FC) superconductors, whereas the approach shown in this paper uses ZFC superconductors. Actually, as previously shown by the authors, ZFC implementation presents much less AC losses. The approach in our horizontal flywheel research follows the ZFC-maglev structure, where the linear track was closed into a circular one with the same diameter of the superconductor magnetic bearing. The conception and geometric placement of magnets and superconductors was designed to keep symmetry along the rotating axis and minimizing air gaps. A 3D finite element model was built for simulation and validation of the effectiveness of the solution. Experimental validation was then achieved measuring the balanced and unbalanced rotor lifting and guiding forces.

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“…15 On the other hand, there are also studies in which different mathematical formulations derived from Maxwell's equations are applied, by taking into account flux motion effects. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] For example, based on the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the SC, some numerical results for different maglev systems are presented, such as the works of Ueda et al for modeling the vertical oscillation and lateral stability using the A V formulation, 19,20 that of Ma et al for calculating the magnetic forces adopting the T ω formulation, 21,22 and that of Sass et al with the H formulation for the levitation force behavior, 23,24 where A and V are the vector and scalar potentials, T and ω are the current and magnetic potentials, and H is the magnetic field. However, there is not a complete study that investigates how the levitation performance of these maglev systems depends on the movement direction of the SC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of movement direction on levitation performance and energy dissipation in a superconducting maglev system

2017

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During the regular operation of a maglev system, the superconducting levitation body may move away from the working position due to the external disturbance and the curved part of the guideway. Based on the A − V formulation of magnetoquasistatic Maxwell’s equations, in this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model is applied to study the influence of movement direction on a typical maglev system consisting of an infinitely long high-temperature superconductor and a guideway of two infinitely long parallel permanent magnets with opposite horizontal magnetization. After the highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the superconductor is taken into account, the levitation performance change and the energy dissipation induced by the relative movement of the superconductor and the guideway are discussed. The results show that the levitation force, guidance force and power loss are strongly dependent on the movement direction and speed of the superconductor when it moves away from the working position. If the superconductor moves periodically through the working position, these three physical quantities will change periodically with time. Interestingly, the power loss drastically increases during the first cycle, and after the first cycle it starts to decrease and finally tends to a dynamic steady state. Moreover, an increase in the tilt angle of movement direction will improve the maximum levitation force and, simultaneously, enhance the energy dissipation of the maglev system.

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H-formulation for simulating levitation forces acting on HTS bulks and stacks of 2G coated conductors

Cited by 126 publications

References 20 publications

Superconducting magnetic bearings simulation using an H-formulation finite element model

Superconducting magnetic bearings simulation using an H-formulation finite element model

Experimental Setup and Efficiency Evaluation of Zero-Field-Cooled (ZFC) YBCO Magnetic Bearings

Influence of movement direction on levitation performance and energy dissipation in a superconducting maglev system

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